Iplastiki yenye yezona zinto zingcolisayo ezihlasela iilwandlekazi kwaye zibangele umonakalo ongathethekiyo wokusingqongileyo. Kule meko, mininzi imibuzo abantu abazibuza yona. Omnye wabo ngu iplastiki ifikelela njani elwandle. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuya kufuneka sigxile kwimvelaphi yeenkqubo ezikhokelela kwimveliso kunye nenkunkuma yokuphelela elwandle.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into enxulumene nenkunkuma ukwazi ukuba iplastiki ifikelela njani elwandle.
Iplastiki njengongcoliseko
Imilambo, ukugcwala elwandle kunye nenkunkuma efumaneka elunxwemeni inokuchaza ubukhulu becala indlela iplastiki efikelela ngayo elwandle. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iinkqubo ezenziwayo ekudalweni nasekulawulweni kwale nkunkuma. Kwiiplastikhi sele iyenye yezona nkunkuma ziqokelelweyo yi-NGO yoLondolozo lweLwandle. Lo mbutho uvelisa iintsuku zonyaka ngokucoca iilwandle namanxweme. Kudala befuna amavolontiya kwihlabathi liphela ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ukuze bakwazi ukuqokelela inkunkuma yeplastiki nokuyithintela ekonakaliseni imeko yolwandle.
Zininzi izinto zeplastiki ezinje imidiza yecuba, izisongeli kunye nemicu yokulahla oko kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-500 ukubola. Le yingxaki enkulu kuzo zombini izityalo nezilwanyana zezinto eziphilayo zolwandle kwihlabathi liphela.
Njani iplastiki elwandle
Ungcoliseko lweplastikhi kwiilwandlekazi phantse luhlala luqala kwisitya sethu senkunkuma. Kuya kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba, kwi-260 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka zeplastiki Siphosa emhlabeni, kusetyenziswa i-12% kuphela. Uninzi lwazo lwalutshisiwe okanye lwasasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zokulahla inkunkuma kunye neembombo zeplanethi. Ngenxa yokuba ukusuka kumthombo kukho ukunqongophala kolawulo kunye nonyango lwale nkunkuma, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iphele ifikelela elwandle.
Ininzi yale nkunkuma ilahliwe kwaye iphelela elwandle. Kulapha apho amaza kunye nomoya ziwaphelisa ukuba abe ziingceba ezincinci ezaziwa njenge microplastics. I-Microplastics ayinanto ngaphandle kwamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-5 mm ngobukhulu kwaye abanjwe ngaphakathi kwimimoya yolwandle. Kwezi meko banakho ukuvelisa iziqwengana zenkunkuma edadayo njengaleyo siyaziyo kwiPasifiki yaseNyakatho. Ngenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zeplastiki kwindawo ezinenkunkuma indawo eyi-1.6 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zesikwere kunye ne-80.000 yeetoni zobunzima.
Ukuba iipholima zilahlwe kumawakawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka elwandle, zinokuphelela njani zidada kuzo? Olunye lwezifundo lubonisa ukuba imilambo, ngakumbi eyona inkulu neyona ingcolileyo ehlabathini, yiyo egqiba ukuzisa iplastiki elwandle. Kuqikelelwa ukuba le milambo Baphatha phakathi kwe-1.1 kunye ne-2.4 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki ngonyaka. Ikwabandakanya ukungcola elunxwemeni, ukuloba, ulwandle, kunye nokuhamba elwandle njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Aba ngoonobangela abaphambili bendlela iplastiki efikelela ngayo elwandle.
Kukho iinqanawa ezininzi ezilahla inkunkuma yazo kunye neakhawunti yazo phantse sisiqingatha sayo yonke inkunkuma efumanekayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kummandla wePacific Pacific. Le nyaniso ipapashwe kwiphephancwadi elithi Nature. Eminye imiba ebalulekileyo emayiqwalaselwe lindle, umoya, imvula nezikhukula. Ezi zinto zinokuchonga izinto ekuqhubeni iplastiki yasemhlabeni kwiindawo zolwandle. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke le nto, iiplastikhi ezisebenzisa into enye yilezo, xa zikhaphukhaphu, zibhabhela ngaselunxwemeni okanye zibandakanyiwe kuthungelwano lomlambo de zifike elwandle. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo zeeplastikhi sineengxowa, imicu evelisa imisonto, izisongelo zemveliso, iindiza, njl.
Zingaphi iiplastiki eziphoswa elwandle
Iilwandle zaziwa ngokufumana malunga neetoni ezili-13 lezigidi zeplastiki ngonyaka, nto leyo elingana nokulahla inkunkuma kwilori ngomzuzu. Esi sixa siyinto engenakucingelwa kuba abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba ingafakwa njani iplastiki elwandle. Ngokwezinye izifundo malunga nokuvela kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki ngabantu, la maxabiso anokukhula aye kuthi ga I-17.5 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka ngonyaka wama-2025 ukuba ukukhutshwa akupheliswa.
Olunye uphononongo luveza ukuba ngonyaka we-2050 sinokuba neetoni ezininzi zeplastiki elwandle kunokubhukuda kweentlanzi. Uninzi lokulahlela elwandle ngeplastiki luvela eAsia, ngokupheleleyo luvela kumazwe afana neTshayina, Philippines, Indonesia kunye neVietnam.
Iziphumo zokuba iplastiki ifikelela njani elwandle
Ukwazi ukuba iplastiki ifikelela njani elwandle singazama ukunqanda ungcoliseko lwaselwandle. Namhlanje, umonakalo owenziwe sisibambiso seplastiki uyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Phakathi kwezi ziphumo sinazo ukonakaliswa kwezendalo, ukonakaliswa kwezityalo nezilwanyana zizinto zamachizanjl. Ngaphezulu kwesigidi sezilwanyana ezaziwayo ukuba ziyafa nyaka ngamnye ngenxa yokufaka impazamo kwiplastiki yokutya. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iplastiki iyathotywa kunye nomoya kunye namanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuyibhidisa.
Ukongeza, impilo yomntu nayo inokonakaliswa ukusukela ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco le-trophic esinokuthi sifake okunye ukutya ngetyuwa yetafile. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezili-13.000 zeedola ngonyaka ziindleko zalo ntlekele wendalo ezinokuncitshiswa ngeendlela ezilula kakhulu zemihla ngemihla. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Sukusebenzisa iiplastiki zokusebenzisa into enye ezinjengeendiza, ukukhohlela okanye izixhobo zokusika ezilahlwayo.
- Ukuba uza kuthenga, Ungalibali ukusebenzisa ibhegi yelaphu inqwelana yesandla.
- Asiphosi itshungama emhlabeni njengoko sinokuyihlaziya. Masingakulibali ukuba itshungama yenziwa ngeplastiki.
- Thenga ukutya ngobuninzi ukunqanda uninzi lweemveliso ezipakishiweyo.
- Faka endaweni yezipuphu zeplastiki ngeglasi okanye izitya zentsimbi.
- Sebenzisa izikhonkwane zomthi endaweni yeplastiki.
- Kunqande ukusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezinemicroplastics kwaye ukhethe ukuthenga iimpahla ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane.
- Phinda usebenzise iplastiki ukuze unike enye into yokupakisha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ukuba ufikelela njani elwandle kunye neziphumo zalo.