Njengoko sonke sisazi, ukurisayikilishwa yinkqubo yokuguqula inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma ibe yimathiriyeli entsha ukuze kungafuneki ukuba kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli ekrwada xa kusakhiwa naxa kusenziwa. Ukuze kuqhutywe le nkqubo yokurisayikilishwa ngokugqibeleleyo, inkunkuma kufuneka ithuthwe isiwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo yokugcina impahla ukuze iguqulwe, nekufuneka ibenoluhlu lweempawu, mhlawumbi ngokoomatshini abaneleyo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, okanye ngokwemiqathango yokulungelelanisa iimfuno zakho. . Kuba ezi zinto ngokutsha izityalo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhlaziywa kwezityalo, iimpawu zazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Inkqubo yothutho lwenkunkuma
Ukusuka kwilori ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwi-dock yokukhulula, inkunkuma kufuneka ihambe ngokulandelelana kwezigaba, ekufuneka zilungelelaniswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezingeniswe ngabo, kunye nabasebenzi abachaphazelekayo kunye noomatshini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bavela phi.
Ukunikezelwa kweempawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma, liindawo zokugcina iimpahla kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ngohlobo ngalunye lwenkunkuma, ngoko ke sinokuzihlela ngokwala magama manye.
Umzi-mveliso kufuneka ube nolwakhiwo olubanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha nokuhlela inkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala (MSW) ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, nokuba i-organic okanye i-inorganic, ukwenzela umgquba okumgangatho ophezulu wokugqibela.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umatshini osetyenziselwa olu hlobo lwenkqubo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo ukuze ufezekise, kunye nabasebenzi abasebenzisa umatshini okanye abahlala kwindawo kwinkqubo yokwahlula inkunkuma. Abaqeshwa kufuneka bangabi nomgangatho ophezulu kuphela, kodwa kufuneka babe nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwabo emsebenzini.
Ngokumalunga nolwakhiwo, Indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka ibe banzi ukuze kuqhutywe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilishwa apho. Ukongezelela, kufuneka bahlale begcina umoya omhle kunye nokukhanya okulungileyo.
Amanyathelo kwiplanti yokurisayikilisha
Imithombo yenkunkuma yahlulwe yaziindidi ezimbini: ezasekhaya okanye zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino. Likhonkco lokuqala kwikhonkco lokurisayikilisha kwaye kulapho kuveliswa khona inkunkuma. Iindawo zemveliso yasekhaya ziindawo zokuhlala zabucala; amashishini, iivenkile, iibhari, iindawo zokutyela kunye neevenkile ngokubanzi; kunye namashishini, iinkampani kunye namashishini. Inkunkuma eveliswa kwezi ndawo inokwahlulwa ize isetyenziswe ngokutsha ngemigqomo eyahlukeneyo yokurisayikilishwa.
Ngokuphathelele kwinkampani, ngokutyikitya izivumelwano nezinye iinkampani ezijongene nolawulo lwenkunkuma. Ukulandela eli nyathelo kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuqhekeza ikhonkco.
Inyathelo lesibini kwikhonkco lokurisayikilisha kukuhlaziya inkunkuma. Iquka ukuqokelela kunye nokuthutha inkunkuma kwiibhokisi ezihambelanayo. Kukho izitya zentsimbi, iplastiki okanye intsimbi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 cubic metres, ii-compactors, iishredders zamaphepha kunye noomatshini abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo.
Iplanti yokuhlela nokudlulisa inkunkuma
Eli khonkco alisoloko likhona kwitsheyini. Lo ngumzi-mveliso wokuqokelela inkunkuma ukuze uqokelele kangangoko kwaye uthathe ithuba lokuthutha ngaphandle kokuhamba ngendlela engonakalisi kangako. Umzekelo liziko lokulungisa iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi. Baqokelela lonke uhlobo lwemathiriyeli, bayicinezele kwiibhakethi ezinkulu, kwaye emva koko bayise kwindawo elandelayo ukusuka apho. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zothutho.
Yinto ephambili yenkqubo yokurisayikilisha. Kukule nyathelo apho inkunkuma yahlulwe kwaye yahlelwa, ukuze yonke into idityaniswe, idityaniswe ngamaqela kwaye ikwazi ukuthuthwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi womatshini wokusetyenzwa kunye nokurisayikilisha uyakhuthazwa kwaye ulungelelaniswe.
Unyango lwenkunkuma
Inqanaba lokugqibela logqatso lomgama omde kukulahla inkunkuma. Kukho iifektri ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo ukucubungula inkunkuma. Isenokuba zizikhululo zokurisayikilisha (iphepha nekhadibhodi, iplastiki, isinyithi, umthi, iglasi…), intlenga elawulwayo (ebizwa ngokuba ziindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngokubanzi) okanye izityalo zokuvelisa amandla (ibhayomass, igesi yendalo, izitshisi…).
Ukongeza kwezi zigaba zintlanu, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zinokungena kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zazo. Emva kokucubungula, izinto ebeziyinkunkuma ekuqaleni ziyavuswa. Ziba zizinto ezintsha. Ummi onoxanduva uyahlula aze agcine inkunkuma ngendlela echanekileyo. Iinzuzo ziquka ukunciphisa inani leendawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside, ukulondoloza amanzi namandla, nokudala imisebenzi ezinzileyo.
Imiba yeplanti yokurisayikilisha
Ukwenza le nkqubo ngokugqibeleleyo kumatshini wokurisayikilisha, inkunkuma kufuneka ithuthwe isiwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuze ilungiswe kamva. Ezi kufuneka zibe noluhlu lweempawu ezaneleyo, kubandakanywa oomatshini abaneleyo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abafanelekileyo kwinqanawa ngokwayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inkqubo ukusuka kwilori ukuya kwi-hangar okanye idokhi yokukhulula umatshini. Ukusuka apho, inkunkuma kufuneka idlule kuluhlu lwezigaba, ekufuneka ilungelelaniswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ekuza kudlula kuzo inkunkuma, kunye nabasebenzi noomatshini abanxulumene noko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bavela phi na.
Ngenxa yeempawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma, indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka igcine uhlobo ngalunye lwenkunkuma. Ngale ndlela, banokuhlelwa ngengcamango efanayo. Umzimveliso kufuneka ube nolwakhiwo olubanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela izigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kunye nokuhlelwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo yasezidolophini (MSW). Inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza umgquba okumgangatho ophezulu.
Ngoko ke, umatshini osetyenziselwa olu hlobo lwenkqubo kufuneka ube kwimeko egqibeleleyo kwaye kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuqhutywe ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo. Kwangokunjalo, abasebenzi abaphethe aba matshini okanye abo bakwizikhundla kwinkqubo yokwahlulwa kwenkunkuma kufuneka nabo bazilungiselele.
Akufunekanga ukuba abasebenzi baqeqeshwe kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka babe nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, unokuphumeza imisebenzi ekufuneka uyenzile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olwaneleyo kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini. Ngokwesakhiwo, indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka ibe banzi, okuyimfuneko ukuze iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilishwa zibe nokuqhutywa kuyo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka bahlale begcina umoya omhle kunye nokukhanya okulungileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesityalo sokurisayikilisha kunye neempawu zaso.