Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo zeentaba ezikhoyo kukho eyodwa ekhethekileyo eyaziwa njengegama le- iparamo. Inokufumaneka kwezinye iindawo zoMzantsi Merika kwaye ineempawu ezithile ezizodwa ezenza ukuba ibe yindawo eluncedo kakhulu kwindalo. Zindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezineentaba ezinenani elikhulu lotyani kunye nezilwanyana. Ngesi sizathu, iye yaba yenye yeendawo ekujoliswe kuzo ekukhuseleni ubutyebi bendalo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kwe-moor.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Luhlobo lwendalo efumaneka kwiindawo ezisezintabeni ngokubanzi. Ezi ndawo zigcwele iintyatyambo nezilwanyana. Zihlala ziyindalo Ivumela ukulawulwa kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinje ngamanzi, eziluncedo kakhulu. Bonke abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane nepáramo banokuza baxhamle kwingingqi yabo. Umzekelo, ukuba indawo ahlala kuyo abantu ikufuphi nenkqantosi inokuxhamla kumaxesha embalela. Kungenxa yokuba i-moor iyakwazi ukugcina isixa esikhulu samanzi.
Zonke ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ipáramo ibe yindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kulondolozo nokhuselo. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili esinazo zepáramo sinokuqaqambisa ubungqalileyo bendalo. Yinkqubo eyahlukileyo yendalo eplanethi ngenxa yeemeko zokusingqongileyo eziyivelisayo. Ngokubanzi, inokuchazwa njengezidalwa eziphakathi kwendalo ezintabeni.
Igcina umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu njengokugcina amanzi kunye nokugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwegalelo kunye nelahleko ngaphakathi kwendalo. Njengoko sisazi, amanzi yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ekufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukuyilwa kobomi. Ke ngoko, ipáramo iba sisiseko sendalo ekudalweni kobomi. Uphawu lwe Ulondolozo lwamanzi lubangelwe kukuphakama nemozulu. Ndiyabulela kwezi meko zendalo esingqongileyo, amanzi anokukhuselwa ngamaxesha embalela. Oku kwenziwa ngokusa amanzi kwiindawo ezisezantsi ukuze babonelelwe. Ngale ndlela, ukubonelelwa ngamanzi okusela ebantwini kwiidolophu ezikufuphi kuqinisekisiwe. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela kunye namandla okuphehla umbane ngamanzi.
Imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kwe-moor
Eyona moorland yaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni yiAndes. Ifumaneka eMzantsi Melika kwaye isuka eColombia iye emantla ePeru. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-80% yawo onke amanxuwa ehlabathi afunyenwe kumazwe aseVenezuela, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eCosta Rica naseColombia, kwaye kuphela apha ngaphezulu kwama-60% omhlaba okhohlakeleyo okhoyo.
Olunye uphawu lwepáramo kukuba, ekubunjweni kwayo, iindawo ezinobude obumalunga ne-2.700 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle ziyafuneka. Owona mgama uphakamileyo wobude Kufunyenwe kwii-4.000-5.000 zeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Ngokwezibonakaliso ze-biogeographic kunye nemisebenzi ezalisekiswa yile ecosystem, uhlaza lwahlulwe lwaba ziindidi ezininzi. Sifumana uhlaza lwe-moor ephantsi, i-moor ephakathi kunye ne-moor ephezulu. Izikali zohlaza zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kububanzi. Njengoko sisazi, izityalo zifuna ukuphakama kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ukuze zikwazi ukukhula ngokuchanekileyo.
I-geology ye-moor inokukhululeka okungaqhelekanga. Imvelaphi yomhlaba inentaba-mlilo kwaye, ke, zinombala omnyama. Ukongeza, inesiqabu esirhabaxa nesirhabaxa. Nangona kunjalo, iyakwazi ukuhlawula inani elikhulu lotyani kunye nezilwanyana. Oku kungenxa yemali enkulu yezinto eziphilayo ebanjiweyo kwaye ezinokuthi zisebenze njengezondlo.
Malunga nehydrogeology yeparamo esiyifumanayo Iintlambo ezinkulu ezimilise u-U ezibangelwa kukhululeka komkhenkce. Uncedo lomkhenkce lwenziwa ngokuhamba komkhenkce onika ubunzulu njengoko umhlaba utshintsha. Amathambeka ayo amakhulu enza ukuba ukuhla kwamanzi kube lula. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba nathi sifumane iintlambo ezimise okwe-V. Amanzi awonakalisa umhlaba ngokukhawuleza.
Ubutyebi bendalo bepáramo
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ipáramo luhlobo lwendalo enobutyebi obukhulu bezinto eziphilayo. Kwaye phantse zonke iintlobo ziye zakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ukuze ziphile phantsi kweemeko ezigqamileyo ezikhoyo apha. Enye yezi meko kukuguquguquka kwemihla ngemihla okukhoyo kumaqondo obushushu. Kukwakho nexesha lemvula elibonakalisiweyo kunye neemitha eziphezulu zemitha. Kuya kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lobomi. Njengentlango, kwezi nkqubo zendalo le gradient ibanzi kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuna kwemvula lenza ukuba uhlaza lukhule lukwazi ukumelana nexesha elide lembalela. Kukho amaxesha esixa esikhulu semitha kunye nabanye abanamafu amaninzi Imimoya ye-desiccant kunye nokubanda kwemihla ngemihla kunye nokunyibilika komhlaba. Olu tshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu luvelisa olu tshintsho ngequbuliso. Ke ngoko, njengoko kuncinci ukufumaneka kweoksijini ngenxa yokuphakama kunye nomhlaba ongaphuhliswanga kakuhle, kukho ukunqongophala kwezondlo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo apha kuye kwafuneka zivumelane nezi meko.
Olunye uhlengahlengiso olukhoyo lweentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zizinto zokugcina amanzi kunye nokhuseleko kumoya. Olunye lolungelelwaniso oluninzi kukugcina ubushushu obulungileyo nobuzinzileyo kunye nokuphepha ukuphulukana namandla.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Okokugqibela, siza kuhlalutya iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zeparamo. Uhlaza iyakwazi ukuthintela izikhukula ngenxa yokuxinana kwayo. Ikwanciphisa nefuthe lomhlaba. Phakathi kweentyatyambo esizifumanayo kwaye eziye zakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nale miqathango zezi zilandelayo:
- Frailejon.
- ICardón.
- Uqalo.
- Imithi yemifuno kunye namatyholo.
Kwelinye icala, izilwanyana zisemngciphekweni omkhulu kungekuphela ngenxa yeemeko kodwa nangenxa yosongelo lomntu lokonakaliswa kwendalo kunye nokuzingela okungalawulwayo. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala kwi-páramo sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana ne-puma, i-tigrillo, iimpungutye, i-jaguar kunye nebhere ebukeleyo.
- Izirhubuluzi apho sifumana khona amacikilishe neenyoka
- Amphibians apho sineentlobo zeesalamanders kunye namasele kunye noosoths.
- I-154 yeentaka zeentaka ezinjenge-condor, i-blackbird, i-hummingbirds kunye namanye amadada.
- Iindidi ezili-131 zamabhabhathane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nepáramo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.