Kwihlabathi apho amanzi acocekileyo esiba ngumthombo onqabileyo, ithontsi ngalinye libalulekile, ngakumbi ngembalela ekhoyo ngoku nemvula ngendlela yezikhukula, nto leyo ethintela amanzi emvula ukuba agcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku ndiza kubonisa ezinye iindlela zokugcina amanzi ekhaya kwaye kwangaxeshanye unciphise umthetho oyilwayo wento engamanzi edla ngokumoshwa ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba ngenye imini inokulahleka okanye ibize kakhulu.
Ayizukunceda kuphela uqoqosho lwentsapho yakho, iya kunceda wonke umntu, ekubeni Ngale ndlela siya kuba nobuninzi bobu butyebi bamanzi Kubaluleke kangakanani kubomi, kwezolimo, kwizilwanyana, kwizityalo, kuyo yonke into ngokufutshane...
Imbalela: Ingxaki yamanzi “enziweyo”
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, yitsho loo nto akukho mfuneko yokothusa abantu. Esi sixhobo kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa singagrogrisi okanye sibhengeze ngendlela eyintlekele njengoko esenza amaziko eendaba amaninzi. Isizathu? Sihlala eMhlabeni, kungekhona kuMars, kungekhona kwiVenus, kungekhona nakweyiphi na enye iplanethi. Yiplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yeSixokelelwano seSolar, kwaye i-75% ngamanzi, kwaye oku kudla ngokungahoywa ukuba kugxilwe kuphela kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi. Ke ngoko, izinto zinokwenziwa ukuthintela abantu ukuba bangabulawa lunxano, okanye ekunciphiseni esi sixhobo.
Ukuba kukho ingxaki malunga nokunikezelwa kwamanzi, akubangelwa ukungabikho kwayo, kodwa ngokulula ngenxa yokungabikho kombono okanye ukungasebenzi kwabezopolitiko… Yiyo loo nto ndisithi yingxaki “eyenziweyo”, njengoko iye yakhuthazwa ngokuyinxenye kukungabikho kweziseko zoncedo neendlela zokukwazi ukugcina okanye ukubonelela ngamanzi naphi na apho afuneka khona. Sele kukho intetho malunga ne-decertization ye-Europe esezantsi, nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba kukho iindawo eziye zaba ziintlango zokwenyani ixesha elide, njengezinye iindawo zaseOstreliya, kwaye zinamanzi, kufuneka sijonge ezo ezinye iindlela. .
Oovimba bamanzi amatsha ehlabathini
Las iindawo zokugcina amanzi kwiplanethi Zinokuba zezendalo, njengemilambo, amachibi, imigxobhozo, ii-icebergs, i-icebergs, i-glaciers, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye i-aquifers, kunye ne-ice sheets, okanye ziyakwazi ukuba zenziwe, zenziwe ngabantu, ezifana namadama, amadama, njl. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunjalo, omnye wemithombo ephambili yamanzi acocekileyo ehlabathini yimilambo, amachibi kunye ne-aquifers engaphantsi komhlaba, apho amanzi okusela ahlala efunyanwa ukuze asetyenziswe ngabantu, kunye nezolimo, imfuyo kunye neshishini.
Nangona kunjalo I-71% yomphezulu womhlaba igutyungelwe ngamanzi, yi-2.5% kuphela yamanzi acocekileyo. Kule mali, i-0.5% ifunyenwe kwiidiphozithi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye ne-0.01% kwimilambo kunye namachibi. Nangona amanzi esasazwa kuwo wonke uMhlaba, i-90% yobutyebi bamanzi acocekileyo akhoyo e-Antarctica. Kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwe-1100 yebhiliyoni abanalo ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwimithombo yamanzi acocekileyo, ngakumbi e-Afrika.
Umyinge wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngomntu ngamnye unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokutsho kwakhe National Institute of Statistics (INE), eSpeyin, umlinganiselo wamanzi asetyenziswa ezindlwini wawuziilitha ezili-133 kummi ngamnye ngosuku. ngo-2020. Oku kulingana neelitha ezimalunga nama-48.545 okanye ii-cubic metres ezingama-48,545 ngomntu ngonyaka.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo kwabo bonke abantu, kunzima ukuqikelela ngenxa yokuhluka kwiipatheni zokusetyenziswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwimimandla. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba imfuno yamanzi okusela inyuka nge-64.000 billion cubic metres ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba eli nani alibandakanyi ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo komntu, kodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwezolimo kunye neshishini ...
Imeko eSpain
La Imeko ye-hydrographic yaseSpain inzima kwaye ibingumxholo onike ingqwalaselo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, phakathi kwazo, imbalela ekuye kwafuneka ukuba sibe nayo kweli xesha lembali, njengoko bekunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngoku "utshintsho lwemozulu" luye lwaba luhlobo lwekhadi lasendle kuyo yonke into, kwaye abezopolitiko bathi akuyi kubakho ukunqongophala kwamanzi okusetyenziswa kwabantu, okungeyonyani, kuba sibona indlela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi eCatalonia naseAndalusia. ziye zakhutshwa unikezelo.
Imbalela asiyonto eyenzekayo ngoku, kodwa yinto eyenzeka amaxesha amaninzi kwimbali. Ngokomzekelo, eSpeyin, ekubeni kukho iirekhodi ezaziwayo, ezinye ze awona maxesha embalela amabi yayi:
- Imbalela yowe-1749 – 1753: Ngeli xesha, iSpeyin yathwaxwa yimbalela eyachaphazela inxalenye enkulu yelizwe. Imvula yayinqabile, kwaye nogcino lwamanzi lwehla kakhulu.
- Imbalela yowe-1944 – 1946: ibenefuthe elibi. Amadama ashiyeke kwi-15%, kunye noovimba be-aquifer nabo behlile. Kwakukho ukucuthwa kwamanzi kunye nemiphumo emibi kwindalo.
- Imbalela yowe-1979 – 1983: Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-80, iSpeyin yajamelana nenye imbalela enkulu. IMpuma yeSpain yayiyeyona ndawo ichaphazeleke kakhulu ngeli xesha.
- Imbalela yowe-1991 – 1995: Amadama akumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-15%). Oovimba be-aquifer nabo bancipha, kwaye kwabakho ukuphuma kwamanzi kwezinye iindawo.
- Imbalela yowe-2016 – 2017: Ekwindla ye-2017, kwakukho ukungabikho kwemvula kunye nokunciphisa amanzi kumadama.
Kwakhona, EYurophu, elinye lawona maxesha aphawulekayo embalela senzeka ngowe-1540. Ukususela ngoNovemba 1539 ukusa kwiinyanga ezili-11 ezilandelayo, inxalenye enkulu yeYurophu, kuquka iSpeyin, yaba nembalela eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo nemvula encinane. Oko kukuthi, ikhadi lasendle "ukutshintsha kwemozulu" belingasebenzi apha...
Ukuqhubela phambili nomxholo waseSpain, kwaye malunga nelizwe lemigxobhozo, Amanqanaba okugcina amanzi ehle kakhulu kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo. Ugcino lwamanzi lwaseSpain lukwinqanaba eliphantsi kwezinye iindawo zommandla, imeko yaseCatalonia nakumazantsi mpuma ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Andalusia nayo ichaphazeleke kakhulu, kodwa ingcono kunezinye iindawo.
Okokugqibela, malunga nokucuthwa kwamanzi kwezinye iidolophu, ukunqongophala kwemvula kunye nembalela eye yathwaxwa yiSpain ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2021 inyanzelise oomasipala abaninzi kwiindawo ezininzi ezizimeleyo ukuba. ukunciphisa ubonelelo lwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwabantu, oko abapolitiki bagcwele ukuqinisekiswa kuqinisekisiwe. Oomasipala abaninzi kuye kwafuneka ukuba babonelelwe ngeelori, ngoko ke imeko ayimnandi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba i-Andalusia yintsimi yaseYurophu, ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwezolimo emanzini nako kubeka eli candelo emngciphekweni.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ngoorhulumente?
Okwangoku, into efanayo iyenzeka ngamanzi njengakwimeko yokukhutshwa kweCO2. Andazi nokuba uyayazi na ukuba yiBP (British Petroleum) eyaqanjwayo igama elithi "carbon footprint" emva kwaloo ntlekele yendalo eyenzeka kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kwi-2000, i-BP yazithiya ngokutsha i-Beyond Petroleum, kwiphulo lokuthengisa ukucoca umfanekiso wayo, ngelo xesha bakha i-calculator yokuqala ye-carbon footprint calculator kwaye phantse babeka ingxaki emagxeni abantu ngabanye, ngamnye wethu. Ungatsho njani: "Hayi, asilotyala leenkampani ezinkulu ezingcolisa. Impazamo ikumntu ngamnye okhupha i-CO2 xa eqhuba imoto yakhe, xa ethumela i-imeyile, okanye xa esenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.«. Ukuhlanjululwa kwengqondo ngokupheleleyo.
Kutheni ndisitsho nje? Kaloku, kuba kuye kwenzeka into efanayo ngamanzi. Kuyinyani ukuba sonke sinokuwonga amanzi, kwaye kufuneka senjenjalo. Kodwa masingabi luncedo izidenge, kwaye makhe sijonge into esiyenzayo kuphela kwaye singabuzi noxanduva lwaloo mizi mveliso mikhulu itya amanzi amaninzi kakhulu, kwaye andibhekiseli kwimfuyo kunye nezolimo, ngamanye amacandelo azama ukuphambukisa ingxaki. Kwakhona, uhanahaniso olothusayo. Umzekelo:
- Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-27% yamanzi asetyenzisiweyo kwishishini asetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwephepha kunye nekhadibhodi.
- Ishishini lefashoni lelinye lawona angcolisa kakhulu kwaye atya isixa esikhulu samanzi.
- Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwishishini le-semiconductor, kuba kwi-chip nganye eveliswayo, malunga neelitha ezingama-130 zamanzi acocekileyo ziyafuneka.
- Amanye amashishini asebenzisa amanzi amaninzi ngamachiza, kunye ne-25% yetotali.
- Ukuveliswa kunye nokuguqulwa kwesinyithi nako kudla umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, malunga ne-13%.
- Umgangatho ophindwe kabini we-ECO uqhubela eludongeni lwenyani kwakhona kwimeko yeebhetri ze-lithium "kwizithuthi zombane." Ukukunika ingcamango, ibhetri yemoto idinga malunga ne-8 kg ye-lithium. Ukuvelisa ikhilogram enye yelithium, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-400 ne-2 yezigidi zeelitha zamanzi kunokufuneka, ngoko phakathi kweelitha ezingama-3200 zamanzi kunye ne-16.000 yezigidi zeelitha ziya kufuneka...
Ngoko ke, intetho yabezopolitiko begxeka ummi ayivakali. Ukusebenza kakuhle kolu shishino kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kusetyenziswe kancinci kwaye amanzi aphinde asetyenziswe. Kwakhona, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, siphila kwisijikelezi-langa samanzi. Kwenzeka njani ukuba ezona zinto zininzi zilungileyo zinqongophele? Sinolwandle kunye nolwandle ukuba sisebenzise ithuba, sifuna kuphela isiseko sokubonelela kuzo zonke iindawo eziyimfuneko kunye nothungelwano lwezityalo ze-desalination okanye i-desalination ... Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu ngokufanelekileyo lwemali, ukugxeka abemi kukhululekile. Ngumahluko lowo.
Desalination: ingenzeka?
La umthamo wamandla ombane afunekayo ukukhupha ityuwa emanzini Isenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo kunye nobutyuwa bamanzi. Ngokwe-avareji, malunga ne-3-10 kWh inokufuneka nge-cubic meter yamanzi, oko kukuthi, nge-1000 yeelitha. Oku kuyalingana 0.003-0.01 kWh ilitha yamanzi. Amandla ombane anokuthi avele ngokugqibeleleyo kwimithombo evuselelekayo, efana nelanga, umoya, kunye ne-tidal, geothermal, njl. Ngaba kunokwenzeka? Ewe, eneneni, sele kukho izityalo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, ezinye zazo zikumgangatho ophantsi. Ke ngoko, ngumba wokwakha izityalo ezitsha kunye nokusebenzisa ezo zikhoyo kwi-100% ukuphepha iingxaki. Kodwa njengokuba ndisitsho, ukugxeka abantu abathatha ixesha elide ukuhlamba okanye abavula itephu kakhulu kunexabiso eliphantsi kunokwakha... Lumka! Andithi kufuneka uwachithe amanzi ndicela ungandivi kakubi...
Yintoni esinokuyenza?
Nganye ye sinelungelo lokonwabela into engamanzi, ebalulekileyo ebomini. Yaye sinelungelo lokuyonwabela ukusela okanye nayiphi na enye into. Kanye njengokuba sinalo elo lungelo, sikwanalo noxanduva, kwaye asikokuchitha okanye ukumosha. Kwaye ukwenza oku, ndiza kunika iingcebiso onokuthi uzilandele ukugcina amanzi ekhaya, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuthatha ithuba lokulungileyo:
Iimpompo zokusetyenziswa okuphantsi
Enye yezinto onokuthi uzenze kukutshintsha zonke iifaucets zakho iiyunithi zokusetyenziswa okuphantsi, okanye ukuba sele uneempompo ezintsha, kukwakho abo qoqosho bokufakela kwezikhoyo.
Isinki-tanki
Kwaye ewe Sisebenzisa amanzi xa sihlamba izandla okanye ubuso bethu ukuhlamba indlu yangasese? Bekuya konga iilitha ezininzi ngalo lonke ixesha sisiya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kwaye unokuba nalo nalo sinki-tanki.
Umatshini wokuhlamba izitya osebenzayo
Nangona ukuhlamba izitya kumatshini wokuhlamba izitya kusindisa amanzi xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza ngesandla, kukho into eyongezelelweyo esinokuyenza, kwaye kukuthenga Umatshini wokuhlamba izitya osebenza ngakumbi, njengaba bathathu.
Umatshini wokuhlamba osebenzayo
Njengomatshini wokuhlamba izitya, esinye isixhobo esisebenzisa amanzi si umatshini wokuhlamba, ngoko ke akufanele ungayihoyi le nkalo, uthenge enye yale mishini yokuhlamba edla amanzi amancinci.
Ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo
Kwakhona, Ukuba unesitiya okanye iimbiza ekhaya, nawe unokhetho lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwaye ugcine izityalo zakho zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Ukwenza oku, nantsi iziphakamiso zemveliso, ezifana nokunkcenkceshela ngokuzenzekelayo, okanye izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela, okanye i-nozzle yokulondoloza amanzi kwi-hose yegadi.
Isixhobo sokulungisa izixhobo
Yintoni enxulumene ne-a i-dehumidifier yomoya enamanzi? Ewe, ezi zixhobo azinakunciphisa kuphela ukufuma kwikhaya lakho, ukuphepha amavumba amabi, umngundo, kunye nokufuma eludongeni, kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwesinyithi, ukusilela kwizixhobo zombane ngenxa ye-RH ephezulu yokusingqongileyo, njl., Kodwa kwangaxeshanye ba benze oku, baqokelela amanzi amaninzi emoyeni. Banokufumana iilitha ezininzi kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokusebenza, kwaye ngala manzi unako, umzekelo, ukunkcenkceshela izityalo, ngaloo ndlela uthintele ukusebenzisa amanzi etephu.
umtshina ovuzayo
ESpain, ngaphezu kwe-700.000 yezigidi zeelitha zamanzi ezilahlekileyo minyaka le ngenxa ukuvuza kunye nokwaphuka kuthungelwano lwe-hydraulic. Esi sixa-mali silingana nosetyenziso lwasekhaya ngonyaka oluphantse lube zizigidi ezili-14 zabantu. Sinoxanduva lokwazisa abasebenzi abalungisa iholo yedolophu ukuba sibona ukuvuza, kodwa sinokukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi ekhaya ngenxa yokonakala okanye ukungakhathali, njengaxa siye eholideyini size sishiye itephu ivuliwe, okanye kukho into esilelayo xa singekho. ...
Qokelela amanzi emvula
Imvula ngumhlobo omkhulu, nangona kunjalo, xa ifika, asidli ngokuyisebenzisa. Ukwenza oku, kukho iitanki zokuqokelela amanzi emvula kwaye ngaloo ndlela uyigcine, umzekelo, ukunkcenkceshela igadi okanye izityalo.
Itanki yeSeptic
Ukuba unendlu yasemaphandleni engenawo uthungelwano lwelindle, musa ukugalela amanzi emilanjeni okanye emasimini, njengoko oku kunokuphelisa ukungcoliseka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nemilambo. Sebenzisa enye itanki ye-septic ephantsi komhlaba unjani. Kwezinye iimeko usenokusebenzisa amanzi ukunkcenkceshela izityalo xa sele zicociwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uhlula amanzi amnyama (i-fecal okanye yangasese) kumanzi ampunga (ishawa, i-sink, ikhitshi, umatshini wokuhlamba, ...), ungasebenzisa amanzi ampunga kule njongo. Kukho izicoci zamanzi angwevu kwiimarike onokuthi uzifake ekhaya kwaye usebenzise amanzi.
ichibi letyuwa
Sebenzisa ichibi kunye ityuwa chlorinator, olu nyango lwetyuwa lunokwandisa ubomi balo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zonyango, lukuthintela ukuba uhlaziywe rhoqo. Ngokugcinwa kakuhle unokuba nayo ngamanzi afanayo iminyaka esi-7, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezulu. Unokuphinda usebenzise amanzi edama xa uthatha isigqibo sokuwakhupha. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa i-distiller.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-distillers
Las iidistillers zingasebenzisa amanzi epompo, amanzi emvula, njl., Okuya kubiliswa kwaye umphunga uya kuqokelelwa yi-alembic, apho iya kupholisa kwi-coil ukuze idibanise kwakhona kwaye iphume ngendlela yamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukusela, kumanzi esinyithi, umenzi wekofu, njl., Ngaphandle kokushiya intsalela yekalika.
Ukusinda okanye iimeko zonxunguphalo
Okokugqibela, nangona ingeyondlela yokugcina amanzi, kodwa kukufumana amanzi okusela ukusela kwiimeko ezinzima, ungasebenzisa la manqaku amanye endiwacebisayo.