Eyaziwayo njenge Ukuphela kweVault yeHlabathi kwaye ngokusemthethweni ibizwa ngokuba yiSvalbard Global Seed Chamber ifihliwe malunga ne-120 yeemitha ubunzulu, ibekwe ngokukodwa kwintaba kwisiqithi saseNorway iSvalbard, kwiArctic.
Eli gumbi lixhobile kwaye likulungele ukumelana nokuqhuma kwenyukliya, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, iinyikima kunye nezinye iintlekele, ezendalo nezabantu.
Kutheni usakha le Vault?
Ukuphela kweHlabathi yeHlabathi Yakhelwe ukugcina iisampulu ezingama-860.000 zeentlobo zeembewu ezingaphezu kwama-4.000 ezivela kumazwe angama-231.
Ngenjongo yokuba ngenye imini zingasetyenziswa kwimeko yentlekele yehlabathi.
Yenziwe ngo-2.008 kwaye namhlanje le bhanki yembewu inkulu ifumene ngaphezulu kwe-20.000 yeembewu ezintsha ezivela kumazwe alikhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
Umthathi-nxaxheba wokugqibela ojoyine esi sizathu (njengelizwe elinikela ngembewu) ngurhulumente waseJapan, ezazibonelela ngerhasi.
Umthathi-nxaxheba ngenxa inkxalabo ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide lwezityalo zakho Oku kuvele emva kwenyikima kunye netsunami ka-2.011.
Indalo yakhe
I-Vault okanye i-Chamber, yiyo ixhaswe nguRhulumente waseNorway kwaye ixhaswe yiGlobal Crop Diversity TrustEli liqela apho amazwe aliqela kunye namashishini abucala athabatha inxaxheba, kubandakanya iBill kunye neMelinda Gates Foundation.
Yintoni eyenzelwe oku sebenza njengekhabhathi kunye nendawo yokugcina abantu bonke Kwimeko apho amasimi okutya akhoyo kulo mhlaba atshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo yintlekele, nokuba ibangelwe ngumntu njengemfazwe yenyukliya, okanye ngokwendalo ibangelwe yinyikima okanye "isitshabalalisi". ”Ubhubhane wezoLimo.
Indawo yayo, ekhuselwe ngamacango e-hermetic kunye neetitshinari zokuhamba, yahlulwe yaziindawo zokugcina ezintathu, apho bayigcina imbewu thabatha iidigri ezili-18 kwiibhokisi zealuminium.
Ngale nto, bayakwazi ukuqinisekisa imeko yolondolozo lwazo zonke iimbewu kangangeenkulungwane, eziza kuhlala zingumkhenkce nokuba umbane uphelile.
Imvelaphi
Ubukho beebhanki zembewu asinto intsha, enyanisweni, onke amazwe ehlabathini aneebhanki zawo.
Indawo apho kugcinwa khona iisampulu zembewu ngolindelo lokuba, ngenxa yesenzeko esinye okanye enye, izityalo ziya kuthi shwaka kwiindawo ezithile kwaye kufuneka kutshintshwe.
Bazalwa ngoluhlobo iibhanki zembewu zasekhaya, umlinganiso osisiseko wokhuseleko lokutya.
Ngale ndlela, banikezela izazinzulu kunye namafama kwingingqi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zembewu yezityalo, ukuze kuthi, kwimeko yezifo okanye iingxaki zangaphandle, izityalo zalapha ekhaya zingalahleki.
Esinye isizathu sokulondolozwa kweentlobo zemfuza.
ISvalbard, eneneni liziko lenkqubo yebhanki yehlabathi yembewu, yenzelwe ukuqokelela kunye nokugcina amakhulu amawaka eentlobo, oko kubandakanya phantse zonke izityalo (ezakhe) zalinywa ngabantu.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ukuphela kweVault yeHlabathi okanye iGlobal Chamber yeMbewu kuko konke oku, Ineyona ingqokelela inkulu yezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo eMhlabeni.
Ukugcina izigidi kunye nezigidi zembewu yeentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-860.000.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kukunika umbono, njenge "backup" ejolise ekukhuseleni uluntu kwindlala ebangelwe ziingxaki zenguqu yemozulu okanye ziintlekele zendalo okanye zabantu.
Ukuvulwa kokuqala
Ewe, ukuvulwa kokuqala kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayikokugqibela.
IVault yokuphela kweLizwe okanye "iTyeya kaNowa" yembewu yabona ukukhanya kwelanga okokuqala ngo-2015.
Ngaloo nyaka, ihlabathi lazi ukuba Amagosa ebhanki yembewu e-ICARDA e-Aleppo (wafuduselwa eBeirut ngenxa yemfazwe) Bacela iisampulu eziyi-116.000 ukuba zitsalwe eSvalbard.
Akukho mbewu ikhe yafuneka isuswe kude kube ngulo nyaka. ngenxa yeMfazwe yaseSyria, ebangele isiphithiphithi kangangokuba abantu "abagada" iVault ekupheleni kweHlabathi bavuthela ialam.
UBrian Lainoff, Isithethi seZityalo ezithembekileyo (enye yeTrust yamazwe aphesheya) uthe:
"Igumbi elingavulelekanga linokuvulwa kuphela xa kunokubakho intlekele, enjengomkhukula okanye imbalela, enokusongela isityalo ngokuphela."
"Asazi nje ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni, nangawuphi na umzuzu bangahlasela izibonelelo." U-Lainoff wakhankanya malunga Iziko laMazwe ngaMazwe loPhando lwezoLimo kwiiNdawo ezomileyo ezizinze eSyria, yenye yeebhanki zembewu zehlabathi ezili-11 zeCrop Trust.
Isizathu sesicelo sokususwa kwembewu yayikukuba babuyisele ingqokelela eyayonakaliswe yingxabano (yabulala ngelo xesha abantu abangama-250.000 kwaye yabangela ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-11 ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo).
Iingxaki, njengakwelo xesha kungquzulwano lwaseSyria, ziloluhlobo lweziganeko eziyilelwe ukuxhasa le nkqubo yolondolozo.
Ukukhusela iyantlukwano kwindalo iphela yeyona njongo yeSvalbard Seed Vault.
Zifumene iimvakalelo
Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bakaSvalbard's Responsible Crop Trust banoluvo lokuba Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulusizi kangakanani ukuba ukurhoxa okokuqala kule Vault kukusabela kwintlekele eyenziwe ngumntu, endaweni yodidi lwemozulu oluyintlekele.
Ngethamsanqa, i-ICARDA izakubuyisa iintlobo zezityalo ezizigcinileyo, ezinokuthi zibonakalise zibaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni umhlaba ukuba uphile kwimozulu eguqukayo ebeka ubume bendawo engozini ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Nangona kwelinye icala kwaye ngelishwa, kulusizi kakhulu ukuba i-ICARDA ayinakuphinda iqhubeke nokusebenza kwayo e-Aleppo (esona sixeko sikhulu eSyria kwaye yenye yeendawo zokuhlala ezindala emhlabeni) kuba yayonakaliswe yimfazwe.
Ukugcina yonke imbali yezolimo, ezi bhanki zembewu zigcina ezona zinto zixabisekileyo ezisivumele ukuba siphile kwaye siphumelele njengohlobo.
ISyria "yayiyiyo" inkohliso "yeempawu zokuqala zezolimo kwimbali yoluntu, ke kubuhlungu ukuba ilapho kanye, indawo apho kuye kwafuneka banikeze imbewu kwibhanki yabo yasekuhlaleni.
Ukuphela kweHlabathi yeHlabathi akusekho khuseleko
Inxalenye yokugqibela yolwazi efunyenwe eSvalbard kukuba iVault Ukungena emanzini ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ngokubeka emngciphekweni ubuncwane obugcina phakathi kwama-ice sheet.
I-Svalbard Vault ekugqibeleni yahlaselwa ziziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu.
Ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kubangele ukuba i-permafrost yendalo inyibilike, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaba ojikeleze i-Chamber waqala ukunyibilika, kwaye amanzi aqala ukungena ngaphakathi kwetonela.
U-RFI Hege Aschim, isithethi seStatsbygg, inkampani ejongene nolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kobugcisa eSvalbard kwingxelo yathi:
«Itonela lide kakhulu, lijikeleze iimitha ezili-100. Ngo-Okthobha u-2017, sasinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kunye nemvula eninzi kwingingqi yaseSvalbard kwaye saba nonogumbe omkhulu "
"KwakungoMgqibelo ebusuku. Amanzi amaninzi angene ngetonela lokungena, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 okanye i-20 yeemitha ngaphakathi kwaye kuba kubanda kakhulu ngaphakathi, amanzi abanda. Ndimele nditsho ukuba imbewu kunye ne-seed vault ngokwayo ayizange ibe semngciphekweni. Kodwa sineebhloko zomkhenkce emnyango, kwaye ngokucacileyo oku bekungafanelekanga ukuba kwenzeke.
Njengokuba singenakungena ngoomatshini apho, sibakhupha ngoncedo lwabacimi-mlilo nabanye abasebenzi. Ibiyinto entle kakhulu. "
Abo banoxanduva lweGlobal Seed Chamber baqinisekisa ukuba imbewu (kufutshane ne-900.000) ayichaphazelekanga, nangona bekuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo okusombulula ingxaki.
Inkampani yaseStatsbygg isuse izixhobo zombane ekungeneni ukunciphisa ubushushu kwaye yakha iindonga ezingangeni manzi ngaphakathi kwetonela kunye nemisele yokuhambisa amanzi kwiintaba ezijikelezileyo.
Isithethi seStatsbygg uRFI Hege Aschim uxele:
"Siza kuguqula itonela lokungena kwaye sakhe icandelo elitsha ngokukodwa. Ngoku yenziwe ngezinto zentsimbi, ke ngoko iya kuba lolwakhiwo olomeleleyo.
“Sizakunceda itonela ngokuguqula umhlaba owungqongileyo. Siza kutshintsha malunga ne-17.000 yee-cubic metres zomhlaba malunga nolwakhiwo.
Siza kuwunceda umhlaba ube ngumkhenkce ngenxa yemibhobho epholileyo. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwetonela, siza kubeka uhlobo lwekhaphethi epholileyo. Konke oku ukunceda i-permafrost izinze. "
Le misebenzi icwangciselwe ukuqala ngentwasahlobo yalo nyaka, kungekudala emva kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka elishumi yokusekwa kweBhanki yeMbewu yeHlabathi.
Iiarhente ezinoxanduva, kubandakanya noRhulumente waseNorway, banethemba lokuba indawo yaseSvalbard iya kuhlala ngonaphakade kule ndawo, eArctic, phakathi kwezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukufudumala komhlaba.
Ingcinga yokugqibela
Isiphelo seHlabathi seVault sakhiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kugcinwa ubomi babantu kwiplanethi ukuba bona ngokwabo banoxanduva lokutshabalalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Kubonakala kuyindida, kodwa kuyinyani ebuhlungu ukuba kwelinye icala, sivelisa ungcoliseko, siyabulalana, siyayitshabalalisa indalo esingqongileyo kwaye sihlasela abanye abantu ngezenzo zethu, kwelinye, siqiniseke ukuba siyasinda kwimeko yeentlekele.