Amafutha efosili abe yinjini yophuhliso lobuchwephesha babantu kwaye siyabulela kubo siye sakwazi ukuba nenguqu kwimizi-mveliso efana nale besinayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kunye nokugqithisa kakhulu kubangela iimpembelelo ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo. Yena impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yamafutha efosili iye yanda kangangamashumi eminyaka kwaye ayiyeki ukwanda.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zamafutha e-fossil, indlela esichaphazela ngayo thina kunye neplanethi, kwaye ziziphi iingenelo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo.
Bazintoni
Amafutha eefosili zizixhobo zendalo ezithi zenzeke kwizigidi zeminyaka kwizinto eziphilayo eziye zaphuka phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo. I-oyile, irhasi yendalo, namalahle zezona ntlobo zintathu zixhaphakileyo zamafutha efosili asetyenziswa ukwenza amandla namhlanje.
La mafutha ngumthombo wamandla onamandla kwaye amandla amaninzi athe akhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ezi zixhobo zisisiseko kuninzi lwamashishini kunye noluntu lwale mihla, kwaye zibalulekile ukuze abantu bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokuqhuba imoto okanye ukuba nombane.
Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwayo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamafutha efosili kuye iziphumo ezibi kokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu. Ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zeegesi ze<em>greenhouse, njenge<em>carbon dioxide, ezinegalelo kubushushu bomhlaba nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukongeza, ukutsalwa nokuthuthwa kwamafutha efosili kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwi-ikhosistim, nto leyo edala umonakalo kwizilwanyana zaselwandle nezasemhlabeni kunye neentyatyambo.
Njengoko uluntu lufuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, ubugcisa obutsha bepetroli buyaphandwa kwaye buphuhliswa. amandla ahlaziyekayo, afana nelanga nomoya, angenabungozi kangako kokusingqongileyo kwaye banokubonelela ngenye indlela ezinzileyo nekhuselekileyo kumafutha efosili. Ukongezelela, iindlela zokonga amandla ziyakhuthazwa, ezifana nokuphuculwa kokuhamba kakuhle kwezothutho kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngendlela enoxanduva kunye nengqiqo.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yamafutha efosili
Ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zeegesi ze<em>greenhouse, ezifana ne<em>carbon dioxide, i<em>methane, ne<em>nitrous oxide, ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Amafutha efosili nawo lunokuba noxanduva lokungcoliseka komoya namanzi. Xa amafutha efosili esitsha, kuphuma iigesi eziyityhefu ezifana nekharbon monokside, i<em>sulphur dioxide, nee<em>oxide zenitrogen, ezinokubenzakalisa impilo yabantu nemekobume. Ukongeza, ukuphononongwa kunye nokuveliswa kwamafutha efosili kunokonakalisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba.
Enye impembelelo enkulu yokusingqongileyo yamafutha efosili kukuwohloka kwenkangeleko yomhlaba kunye nokulahleka kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo. Ukumba kudla ngokubandakanya ukushenxiswa kwamahlathi amakhulu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zendalo, ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe elibi kwintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendalo.
Ngaphandle kwezi mpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili nako kunefuthe elibonakalayo kwezoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke kuwo ngoqoqosho lwawo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiingxwabangxwaba zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuguquguquka kwawo omabini amaxabiso e-oyile kunye namanye anokuba nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Indlela yokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yamafutha efosili
Ukufumana ezinye iindlela kumafutha efosili kubalulekile kuba kunciphisa zonke iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo abazivelisayo. Ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoli, umbuzo wokuba ihlabathi liya kuphelelwa nini ioli linokuthi libekwe eceleni, kuba le nto iyona nto ixhalabisayo kwihlabathi, kwaye njengoko sonke siyazi, ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, akuyi kubakho kugcinwa kweoli. kwiminyaka embalwa, ukuze babe bakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba irhasi yendalo yeyona nto ingcolisekileyo kuwo onke amafutha efosili. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izibaso kumafutha efosili zingaba:
- i-ethanol yombona okanye ezinye izityalo, ezivelisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse embalwa.
- IBiodiesel Iphuma kumafutha ezilwanyana kunye namafutha emifuno, ivelisa ungcoliseko oluncinci kune-petroleum-based biodiesel.
- ihydrogen, Nangona iveliswa kumafutha efosili afana namalahle, okanye nangamandla ombane aphehlwa ngamanzi okanye enyukliya, ayikhuphi zingcoliseko xa isetyenziswa ezimotweni.
- Olunye ukhetho lwe imveliso yamandla kukukhetha izixhobo ezivuselelekayo, ngaloo ndlela ithatha ithuba lelanga, umoya okanye amandla omoya.
Ukongeza, ezinye izisombululo kwimihla ngemihla yabantu kukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye ngaloo ndlela banoxanduva lokuyisebenzisa. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye iibhayisekile kangangoko.
Iinzuzo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili kunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya oluchaphazela impilo yethu. Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ifika xa sinciphisa ukusebenzisa kwethu amalahle, avelisa amasuntswana acocekileyo e-lung, i-sulfurous gases kunye ne-oxides ye-nitrogen (NOx), naphantsi kwemimiselo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo. Isibaso sesithuthi sikwakhupha i-particle, ii-hydrocarbons ezibangela umsi, kunye neeoksidi zenitrogen. Irhasi yendalo itsha ngokucocekileyo ngakumbi: ayivelisi amasuntswana, isulfure okanye imekyuri, kodwa ivelisa initrogen oxides necarbon dioxide.
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili nako kunciphisa iigesi zegreenhouse. Nangona i-CO2 ngokwayo ayinayo ityhefu, yenye yezona zinto zibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye ineempembelelo zayo kwimpilo yoluntu. Oku kuquka uxinezeleko lobushushu, ezona qhwithi zinamandla, imbalela nezikhukula eziqatha, ukwanda kwezifo ezosulelayo kunye nokunqongophala kwezondlo.
Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo (EPA) yabhengeza ngo-2009 ukuba ikharbon diokside esuka ekutshisweni kweehydrocarbons iyingozi kwimpilo yabantu, yaza iNkundla Ephakamileyo yasixhasa eso sigqibo. Iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziye zaqatshelwa njengowona mngeni mkhulu wezempilo yoluntu kule nkulungwane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zamafutha efosili kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka.