Enye yeentlobo eziye zangenelela kwizifundo zamanzi amatsha kunye neendawo ezinamanzi anetyuwa yi-zebra mussel. Igama eliqhelekileyo livela kumbala weqokobhe layo elifana nelo lesatifikethi. Inombala omdaka ngombala owele imigca emnyama ye-zig zag. Le bivalve iye yaba lolunye lwezidalwa ezingenayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-ikhosistim kwaye ibangela umonakalo othile njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu zolu hlaselo lweembaza ezihlaselayo.
Imbali njengezilwanyana ezingenelelayo
Yibivalve encinci kunezinye iintlobo zeembaza. Bayakwazi ukufikelela kancinci njenge-3 cm njengabantu abadala. Olunye lweempawu ezibalaseleyo zale ntlobo kukuba abantu bathambekele ekuphuhliseni iikholoni. Ezi kholoni zibekwe ebhedini zigubungela zonke izikhewu kwaye kamva iimbaza zikhula ngaphezulu kwezinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuba noxinano oluphezulu kakhulu lwabemi ukuya kuthi ga kumawakawaka abantu kwimitha nganye nganye.
Sesinye sezizathu zokuba ibe yenye yezona ntlobo zaziwayo zokuhlasela. Kwaye, olunye lweempawu ezihlala kuzo zonke iintlobo zokungenelela kukukhululeka kokuzala kwakhona. Unokwazi ukwahlula ngokulula imbaza yeqwarha imitya ekhoyo kwiqokobhe layo apho ifumana khona igama eliqhelekileyo. Esi silwanyana sivela kuluhlu lwe-100 lezona zityalo zinobungozi emhlabeni.
Uluhlu lwendalo lolu hlobo luLwandle oluMnyama, iCaspian kunye neAral. Ngexesha le-1985 leminyaka yaqala ukwanda ngokusebenzisa iikhosi zamanzi zelizwekazi laseYurophu ukuya kumaGreat Lakes e-USA ngo-XNUMX, ukuze emva koko zihlale eMississippi kunye nonxweme lweCaribbean. Isizathu sokuba olu didi lungenelele ngamandla alo okuphezulu okuzala. Kwaye yile, kuphela sisampulu yabantu abadala abanokukhuphela kwindalo esingqongileyo phakathi kwesigidi nesigidi nesiqingatha semibungu ngaphezulu konyaka.
Uhlobo olu lunengxaki ngakumbi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Eyokuqala kukubaxa kokukhula kweekoloni ezibangela ukonakala Ulwakhiwo kunye nokutshintsha ukwakheka kwephytoplankton. Uphuhliso olukhulu kunye namandla okuzala kunye nokuxinana kwabemi kwenza ukuba ibe luhlobo olungenelelayo. Kule nto kufuneka kongezwe ukuxhathisa okukhulu okuneemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Ngazo zonke ezi mpawu baye bakwazi ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinkulu zemijelo yamanzi kunye namachibi ngexesha elifutshane.
Zebra mussel njengohlobo lwengxaki
Ngokwenza iicompact cones zabantu, ezi kholoni zinokubangela ukonakala kulwakhiwo lwendalo kunye nokutshintsha ukwakheka kwephytoplankton. Njengoko sisazi, I-phytoplankton ibalulekile kwikhonkco lokutya kwimeko yasemanzini. Bonke aba bantu banako ukuthintela imibhobho okanye amadama amanzi oluntu, afuna ukushenxiswa komzimba. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zichasene neekhemikhali ezinje ngechlorine. Ke ngoko, kufuneka zisuswe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezingachaphazela kakubi imeko-bume.
Ukuphelisa olu hlobo lweentlobo ezihlaselayo, asifuni kungcolisa indalo, kufuneka sisuse iintlobo ezithile. Banobunzima bokucoca amanzi. Bayakwazi ukuhluza ukuya kuthi ga kwiilitha eziyi-8.5 zamanzi umntu ngamnye ngosuku. Oku kuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu xa kufikwa ekupheliseni aba bantu. Kufuneka kongezwe ukuba, kubuninzi babahlali abanokuba nemitha nganye yesikwere, banakho ukucoca umthamo omkhulu wamanzi ngokuqhubekekayo.
Amandla okucoca aneziphumo ezininzi. Kwelinye icala, inani le-phytoplankton elikhoyo kwikhosi yamanzi linciphile. Oku kuchaphazela kakubi zonke ezinye iintlobo ezondla iphytoplankton. Kwelinye icala, sicacisile amanzi ukuba ngokuphelisa ukugqitha kwamasuntswana amisiweyo sinokuba namanzi acwebezelayo. Kunokuthiwa sisiphumo esihle. Kodwa into embi kakhulu.
Kweminye imimandla esemantla Yurophu sele benengxaki zokungcoliseka kwemilambo kwaye bayithathela ingqalelo imbaza yeqwarhashe ngenxa yolwazi lwayo lokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, akuncedi nto ukuba namanzi akumgangatho olungileyo ukuba oluhlobo luyingozi kwezinye iintlobo zasemanzini. Kuvela impikiswano ukwazi ukwahlula olu hlobo njengezinto eziluncedo. Inokuba luncedo ebantwini ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba kodwa hayi kolunye uhlobo.
Imeko eSpain yenyoka yeqwarhashe
Iimpawu zabantu abadala ziyakwazi ukwenza iikholoni ezikhula ngaphezulu komnye nomnye. Oku kubangela ukuba bafikelele kubemi abaxineneyo kwaye bacoca izixa ezikhulu zamanzi ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuxhathisa kolu hlobo kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye inqanaba lokuphakama lokuvelisa kwakhona libangela ukonakaliswa ngqo kwezoqoqosho eSpain. Ilahleko zoqoqosho ezibangelwe lolu hlobo e-United States kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10 zingaphezulu kwe-1.600 yezigidi zeerandi.
E-Spain, Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezendalo abazinikeleyo abazizigidi ezingama-300 ukulwa ezi ntlobo phakathi kuka-2003 no-2006. Olu hlobo lwafunyanwa kumlambo iEbro ngonyaka ka 2001. Ukuxinana kwabantu bekusezantsi kakhulu, kodwa kwiminyaka eyalandelayo kwabanako ukwandisa ukuya kwizitya zaseJúcar naseSegura. Aba bantu bakwazile ukubuyela kulaa khosi ye-Ebro bafikelela kwisiseko seUndugarra eVizcaya ngo-2011. Ulava.
Okwangoku basandisile basisa kwezinye iindawo, nangona kubonakala ngathi ngumcimbi wexesha kuphela. Imbaza yeqwarhashe ayiziswanga ngabom ngabantu kwimilambo engena kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ebantwini oku ayinasibonelelo kwezoqoqosho.
Kukho iindlela ezithile zokulawula ihlobo isisombululo esicacileyo sengxaki. Ukusetyenziswa kwezihluzi kuthintela ukuhamba kwemibungu kumjelo wezothutho wamanzi njengezityalo zombane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nembaza yeqwarasi kunye nenqanaba lalo njengezilwanyana ezingenelelayo.