Xa sithetha ngokwahlukileyo iintlobo zehlathi Kufuneka sibhekise kwii-biomes ezisasazeke kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ezi biomes ziqulathe iseti yezinto eziphilayo ezinokuthi zibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nokwakheka komhlaba nganye nganye. Ukongeza, uhlobo ngalunye lwehlathi lunezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, ezinikezela ngezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinto ze-abiotic. Ngale ndlela, sifumana iintlobo ezahlukileyo zamahlathi ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu aphakathi, adibeneyo, ashushu, amahlathi ahlaza okanye ahlala eluhlaza, phakathi kwabanye.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga namahlathi kunye neempawu zawo eziphambili.
Iindidi zehlathi kunye neempawu
Into yokuqala kukwazi ukuba yintoni ihlathi. Sisityalo esisemhlabeni esihlala inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinendalo eyahlukileyo. Kumahlathi sifumana inani elikhulu lemithi, amahlahla kunye nezinye iintlobo zohlaza. Sikwafumana iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezinye ezinjengeentsholongwane kunye nefungi.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo zakha izinto zebhayoloji emahlathini nakwimimandla yokuma komhlaba zizinto ezinqabileyo kunye nezinto. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwamahlathi esifumana ubukhulu becala kwenye okanye enye. Asifumani zintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwihlathi elibhitye njengakumahlathi akweleenjiko.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwamahlathi kunzima kakhulu kuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo eziza kukwazi ukwahlulahlula. Enye yeendlela eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iintlobo zamahlathi yimozulu kunye nobubanzi. Amahlathi ahlulwe ngokwemozulu yawo, ububanzi, amagqabi, ukumitha, ukungenelela komntu kunye nefuthe lazo nongenelelo olukhoyo kuzo. Makhe sihlalutye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Iindidi zamahlathi ngokwemozulu yesibanzi
Ihlathi leBoreal
Sinezi ntlobo zamahlathi ezaziwa ngegama le-taiga. Lawa ngamahlathi afunyanwa kumantla eplanethi kwaye ziindawo ezinamahlathi abandayo. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-20 ubuninzi kunye nobuncinci be-60 degrees ebusika. Yimimandla ebanzi ethatha inxaxheba kumazwe ahlukeneyo apho sifumana khona IAlaska, iSweden, iNorway, iKhanada, iFinland neRashiya.
Kuhlaza oluphambili lwehlathi le-taiga sifumana ipayini kunye nemithi yemisipres kunye nezilwanyana ezinje ngereindeer, ielk, iibhere ezimdaka. iingcuka, isikhova sokhozi, i-osprey kunye ne-lynx, phakathi kwabanye.
Ihlathi elipholileyo
Ngawo lawo amahlathi ahluka ngokwemozulu yesibanzi esizifumana sikuyo. Zihlala zixhaphake kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo kwaye zinamahlathi aphakathi kwehemispheres, nangona ininzi kakhulu kwinxalenye esemantla. Yimimandla enamaqondo obushushu aphakathi apho kukho imvula eninzi kunye nezilwanyana ezinakho ukulala. Ezinye izilwanyana zam ziindawo ezifudumeleyo zexesha lokuzala. Umhlaba ucebile kwaye uchumile ngenxa yento yokuba unogquma olugcweleyo kunye namanqanaba atyebileyo okufuma. Le meko yokusingqongileyo ithanda ukukhula kwehumus njengesichumiso sezinto eziphilayo.
Amahlathi asezantsi komhlaba
La mahlathi Zifudumele ngandlel 'ithile ngomndilili wamaqondo obushushu angama-22 kwaye zikufuphi nendawo yetropiki. Uhlaza luhlala lukhulu kakhulu kwaye lunamagqabi abanzi. Iyabonakala ngenxa yemvula ephezulu kunye namaxesha abalulekileyo kakhulu enyakeni. Apha kukho amahlathi epayini, amahlathi aqaqambileyo, amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi omileyo.
Ihlathi laseTropiki
Kukuhlathi elikwiindawo ezishushu zehemispheres. Ngenye yezona zishushu kwaye zine imvula ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bujikeleze iidigri ezingama-27. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi ngokwemimandla:
- Kufumile okanye kunamahlathi ashinyeneyo. Ikwaziwa njengehlathi elinemvula
- Ihlathi elomileyo letropiki.
- Ihlathi leMonsoon.
- Imigxobhozo okanye amahlathi ezikhukula
- Imihlume
Iindidi zamahlathi ngokwamahlamvu
Sifumanisa ukuba yahlulwe ngokwamagqabi ayo:
- Ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza: Zizo ezo zinamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza. Lamagqabi agcinwa unyaka wonke.
- Ihlathi elinqabileyo: Ngamahlathi aqaqambileyo kwaye kuthetha ukuba bayawa ngamanye amaxesha enyakeni baphinde bahlume kwakhona kwabanye.
Ngokutsho kotyani
Ngaphandle kwamagqabi, ikwahlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimithi efumaneka kula mahlathi:
- Amahlathi eConiferous: Zizo ezo ikakhulu zikwindawo yokuwa kwaye bema ngaphandle ngenxa yokuba namaqondo obushushu abanda kakhulu. Eyona mithi iphambili ye-coniferous yimithi yepayini kunye nefirs. Zibizwa njalo kuba zikhula zimile okwe cone.
- Amahlathi aluhlaza: Zaziwa njengamahlathi omthi onzima ngenxa yokuba zininzi kakhulu kwaye zinezityalo ezishinyeneyo. Amanye ala mahlathi ngamahlathi kwaye imithi ekuwo inamagqabi abanzi kakhulu. Kula mahlathi sinokuhlela ngokwemozulu ibe lihlathi lokufuma, ihlathi elomileyo, ihlathi leemontane, ihlathi leemontane kunye nenimbosilva.
- Ihlathi elixubileyo: Luhlobo lwe-biome yomhlaba apho iintlobo ezimbini zangaphambili zidityanisiwe. Inotyani obuqhelekileyo bamahlathi e-coniferous kunye namahlathi alukhuni.
Ngokwenqanaba longenelelo
Kukho ii-biomes zasemhlabeni ngokomgangatho wokungenelela kwabantu okanye hayi:
- Amahlathi aphambili: Zizo ezo zingakhange zingenelele ngoncedo lomntu kwaye ziyindalo ngokupheleleyo. Batyekele ekubeni babe kwiqela leendawo zendalo ezikhuselweyo ukugcina indalo.
- Amahlathi anthropogenic: zezo zinempembelelo ezahlukeneyo, inokuba yeyabantu kwaye ingezizo ezenziweyo okanye zigcina izinto zendalo.
Ngokwinqanaba lefuthe lomntu
Ngokomonakalo obangelwe ngabantu, sifumana la mahlathi alandelayo:
- Amahlathi aphambili: zizinto zendalo ngokupheleleyo athe umntu wangenelela kuzo. Apha ulondolozo lwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo alufanelekanga, kuba lusencotsheni.
- Amahlathi aphakamileyo: Zizo ezo umntu angenelele kuzo kwezi zixhobo zendalo. Emva kwexesha baphinde batyalwa amahlathi.
- Amahlathi angengowamvelo: zezo zidalwe ngokuthe ngqo ngumntu. Oku kuyenza inezinto ezithile zendalo kodwa zibekwe ngumntu ngokucacileyo kuyo. Kulapho kusetyenzwa khona amahlathi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi zamahlathi, zonke iimpawu zawo kunye nokubaluleka kwawo.