Iinkuni ngaphaya

Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile ngoYehova iinkuni ngaphaya. Ukuba ayisiyonto intsha le. Yayisele yenziwe ngaphambili, kodwa yayingaphumi ilebhu. Uphuhliso lwale teknoloji lilinganiselwe kwaye ukusetyenziswa okukhulu akukwazi ukuqwalaselwa. Njengoko sisazi, inzululwazi iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Igalelo lezinye izazinzulu zaseSweden lenze izinto zatshintsha kakhulu. Imithi ecace gca sele inokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba elikhulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni umthi obala, uyisebenzisela ntoni kwaye wenziwa njani.

Yintoni umthi obonakalayo

Indlela entsha yenzelwe ukuba ikwazi ukuvelisa iinkuni ezibonakalayo ngaphaya komthamo omkhulu. Ndiyabulela kule nkqubela phambili yenzululwazi, uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba luyavuleka ukuze lukwazi ukwenza iimveliso ezisebenzisa ukhuni olukhanyayo, ukuba zibekho ngakumbi kwindalo. Enkosi kwezi ntlobo zenkqubela phambili, izakhiwo kunye neepaneli zelanga zinokwakhiwa ngenzuzo enkulu kwaye zinomdla ngakumbi kwindalo.

Ukuze benze umthi obonakalayo, abaphandi kuye kwafuneka basuse ngokwemichiza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-lignin, eyinxalenye yomthi. ILignin licandelo elivela kwizicwili zomthi kwaye linomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-lignin emthini kukubamba amanani e-cellulose kunye kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebomini babo. Ngombulelo kwi-lignin yokuba ukhuni luqinile kwaye luphucula inkqubo yalo yokuzikhusela ngokuchasene neentsholongwane. Ngale ndlela, ngobukho be-lignin, imithi inokuzikhusela kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinambuzane.

Ukwenza umthi obonakalayo, i-lignin kufuneka isuswe. Eli candelo elenza liqine kwaye libe mnyama ngombala liyinxalenye ye-25% yalo. Nangona isebenza ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kubomi bezityalo, sele iyasinceda ukuba siza kwakha into. Lignin Ivumela iinkuni ezenziweyo ukuba zisetyenziswe njengokugcina ukukhanya kungadluli. Oku kunokuba luncedo okanye ingxaki kuxhomekeke kwimeko apho siza kusebenzisa khona iinkuni.

Inyani yokuba i-lignin inceda ekupheliseni i-90% yako konke ukukhanya okukuchukumisayo kunokuba yinto engalunganga xa kufikwa ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi eziluhlaza. Xa eli candelo lisuswe liba yinto emhlophe, ebangela ukuba iqhubeke nokunciphisa ukukhanya okudlula kuyo. Ke ngoko, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba iinkuni zibonakale.

Wenziwa njani umthi obonakalayo

Izazinzulu kwiDyunivesithi yaseMaryland beziphanda zonke iipropathi zomthi ukuze kusekwe umthetho olandelwayo wokususa umbala omhlophe we-lignin. Banokufumana ukuqaqamba okuphezulu ngokususa imolekyuli ye-lignin emthini kunye nokuzalisa i-epoxy yezakhiwo zeseli ngeselulose engenambala. Le yindlela abaye bakwazi ngayo ukwenza iinkuni ezibonakalayo.

Kukho abantu abalubiza olu hlobo lomthi njengeglasi entsha. Ukongeza i-epoxy okanye i-polyepoxide emthini kuyenza ibonakale. Le epoxy I-polymer ye-thermosetting eyenza lukhuni njengoko ixutywe ne-catalyst okanye i-arhente yokuqinisa.. Oku kunokwenziwa kwinqanaba elikhulu ukufezekisa ukungafihli kunye nokumelana neenkuni. Le mveliso inokufezekiswa ngobulukhuni kunye nokumelana okungaphezulu kuneglasi yesiqhelo. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ukhuni lubonakale kwaye lube yimveliso okanye lunomdla wokwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha kunye neepaneli zelanga. Ukongeza, ukuba siyakwazi ukongeza imeko yendalo, siya kufezekisa inkqubela phambili yesayensi.

Ngomthi obonakalayo yenzelwe ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwexesha elide. Izazinzulu zibanga ukuba inokusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iifestile zemoto okanye ithathe indawo yayo nayiphi na indawo ecace gca esihlala sisebenzisa iglasi kuyo. Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba, ngokuba nobunzima kabini kunye namandla evidiyo yesiqhelo, inokusinceda sizikhusele ngcono.

Sebenzisa amandla elanga

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwimithi ebonakalayo kukudala iiphaneli zelanga. Olu lwakhiwo lutsha lunokunika inguqu enkulu kuyo yonke itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic yamandla elanga. Iipaneli zelanga ezihamba phambili kunye neempawu eziphucukileyo zinokwenziwa.

Umbono kukuba ukwazi ukusebenzisa elubala ukuba umthi obala usinika ukuququzelela ukungena kokukhanya kwiiseli zomgibe. Kule nto kongezwe ukungqubana komthi, okuhlala kudlula kwi-70%, ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya. Injongo ayizukuba yenye into ngaphandle kokugcina isibane sikhanyisa kufutshane nepaneli yelanga ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo ngokufunxa. Ndiyabulela kolu tshintsho, ukusebenza ngokukuko kokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunokufezekiswa.

Olona phawu luphambili kwimithi yesiqhelo kukuqina kwayo, uxinizelelo oluphantsi kunye nokuqhutywa kobushushu okanye ukumelana. Inezinye iipropathi zoomatshini ezinjengokuqina okukhulu kunye nokufikeleleka. Ukuze ube sisibonelelo esigcinekayo, kufuneka sivela kwimithombo enokuhlaziywa. Kukho impikiswano enkulu malunga nokuba i-biomass ngamandla ahlaziyekayo, kodwa kungathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukuba umthi uvela kumasimi azinzileyo unokuthathwa njengomnye amandla ahlaziyekayo.

Enkosi ngokuveliswa komthi obonakalayo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni kunokuphinda kwandiswe ukuze kugcinwe kutshiphu kwaye kuhlaziywa. Ingagcinwa Zonke izibonelelo zendalo kunye nokukhanya. Siyabulela koku, sinokonyusa ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kwee-facade kwaye inokuba yinto eyodwa yokwakha.

Ayizukusetyenziswa kuphela ulwakhiwo, kodwa kuya kubakho iindawo ezininzi apho inokulingana khona. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziselwa ukwakha iibhayisikile ezizinzileyo, amakhaya seemodyuli, ebaleni, njl. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, abantu abaninzi abayithathi imithi njengesixhobo esizinzileyo. Into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kukuba ukuba iinkuni zivela kwindawo yokutyala elawulwayo, iyakunceda ukuthintela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomthi obonakalayo.