Siyayazi indlela obaluleke ngayo ucweyo lweozone kumoya wethu ojikeleze umhlaba kunye nokuba ubomi bugcinwe ngendlela esiwazi ngayo ngeqondo lobushushu elenza ukuba umhlaba ube nokuhlaleka kuwo. Noko ke, izinto esizenzayo zibangela ukuncipha kweozone esemoyeni ngenxa yokuncipha kobunzima bomaleko osikhusela kwimitha yelanga. Zininzi iindlela zokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-ozone.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-ozone, kunye nento esinokuyenza ngayo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-ozone layer
I-ozone yimolekyuli ye-atmospheric ekwimo yegesi, eyenziwe ziiathom ezintathu zeoksijini, ezikummandla wetroposphere kwaye zinabela kwi-stratosphere. umaleko ophakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-50 yeekhilomitha ngaphezu komphezulu womhlaba. I-ozone layer yenza umaleko ongqindilili kwi-stratosphere, ejikeleze umhlaba kwaye iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-ozone.
Yafunyanwa ngo-1913 ziingcali zefiziksi zaseFransi uCharles Fabri noHenri Bisson. Uxinzelelo lwe-ozone kwi-atmosfera iyahluka ngokwendalo kunye nemozulu, ubushushu, ukuphakama, kunye nobubanzi, kwaye izinto eziveliswa ziziganeko zendalo zinokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-ozone.
Kwi-ozone sineemolekyuli ze-oksijini ezisebenza njengengubo ekhusela kwimitha ye-UV (ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo nokukhanya kwelanga). Imitha ye-UV eyingozi inegalelo kumngcipheko wezifo ezibulalayo ezifana norhatyazo, umhlaza wolusu, kunye nomonakalo kumajoni omzimba.
Umbane unokuphazamisa ubomi bezityalo ezisemhlabeni, izinto eziphilayo ze-unicellular, ukuphazamiseka kokukhula, imijikelo ye-biochemical, amatyathanga okutya / iiwebhu kunye ne-ecosystems yasemanzini.
Into eyenzeka emva komsebenzi we-ozone layer kukuba iimolekyuli ze-ozone zifunxa inxalenye yemitha ye-ultraviolet kwaye iyibuyisele endaweni, kule meko inciphisa umthamo wemitha efikelela emhlabeni.
Noko ke, izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ezifana nemizi-mveliso ziye zawenza mandundu ukuwohloka kocweyo lweozone. Ukuncipha kwe-ozone kufunyaniswe kubangelwa kubukho kwistratosphere yeechlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) kunye nezinye iigesi eziyimithombo yehalogen ezaziwa ngokuba zii-ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Ezi zinto ziikhemikhali zokwenziwa ukuba ziye zasetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezicelo zabathengi. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kwizikhenkcisi, kwizicimi-mlilo, nakwizifudumezi-moya. Zikwakhusela amagwebu afana nezinyibilikisi, ii-agent ezivuthelayo kunye ne-aerosol propellants.
Oku kudala umngxuma kwi-ozone, ebekwe kwiipali ze-Arctic kunye ne-Antarctic yolwandle kwaye ivumela ubuninzi bemitha ye-ultraviolet ukuba ingene emhlabeni. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezibangelwa yindalo kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngabantu ziphela kwi-stratosphere kunye nokunciphisa iamolekyu ze-ozone, ukwandisa ubukhulu kunye neempembelelo zalo mngxuma kwi-ozone layer.
Oku kuye kwaba ngumngeni wokusingqongileyo kuba imele isoyikiso kwiintlobo zobomi eMhlabeni. Uninzi lwezinto ezitshabalalisa i-ozone ezikhutshwe yimisebenzi yabantu ziye zatyebisa kwi-stratosphere amashumi eminyaka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukubuyiswa kwe-ozone yinkqubo ecothayo kakhulu nende. Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko yokunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwe-ozone.
Iindlela zokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-ozone
Sebenzisa ngokungqongqo iSivumelwano kunye neProtocol
Ukunciphisa i-ozone, amazwe ehlabathini lonke avumile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezitshabalalisa i-ozone. Isivumelwano sisayinwe kwi-1985 njengeNgqungquthela yaseVienna yoKhuselo loMaleko we-Ozone kunye iProtocol yowe-1987 yaseMontreal kwiZinto eziNcisa uLeya lwe-Ozone.
Izinto eziphambili ezigutyungelwe yiProtocol ziquka iichlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), iihalons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform kunye nemethyl bromide, zonke ezibizwa ngokuba “ziizinto ezilawulwayo”.
Umonakalo owenziwe zezi zinto kwi-ozone layer ubonakaliswa ngamandla abo okunciphisa i-ozone (ODP). Ngo-2009, iNgqungquthela yaseVienna kunye neProtocol yaseMontreal yaba zezokuqala izivumelwano ezivunyiweyo kwihlabathi kwimbali yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Ukunciphisa iigesi ezichitha i-ozone layer
Kukho imfuneko yokuphepha ukusetyenziswa kweegesi ezinobungozi kwi-ozone layer, ezisetyenziswa njengeziqulatho zokuququzelela ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezithile, kwaye nanjengezinto ezibonakalayo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa i-industrial. Ezinye zezona gesi ziyingozi ii-chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), ii-halogenated hydrocarbons, i-methyl bromide kunye ne-nitrous oxide (N2O).
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi
I-nitrogen oxides (N2O) kunye nee-hydrocarbons ezikhutshwa ziibhasi, iimoto, iilori, kunye nezinye izithuthi zifaka isandla kungcoliseko lomoya kwaye zichaphazela i-ozone layer. Ngoko ke, isantya apho i-ozone layer iphelelwa ngayo inokuncitshiswa ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke; i-carpooling, ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa isantya seemoto, i-hybrid okanye izithuthi zombane, iibhayisekile okanye ukuhamba imigama emifutshane. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezikhupha amafutha, nto leyo enciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya.
Gwema iimveliso ezine-ozone-depleting substances
Ezinye zeemveliso esizisebenzisayo, ezifana izinto zokuthambisa, ii-aerosols, ii-agent ezikhupha ugwebu, ii-hairspray kunye neemveliso zokucoca, ziyingozi kuthi nakwimekobume ngenxa yokuba zenziwe ngezinto eziphelisa ucweyo lweozone, njengenitrous oxide, iihalogenated hydrocarbons, imethyl bromide, iihydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) ziyadla, kodwa zinokuthatyathelw’ indawo ngeemveliso ezingenabungozi okanye ngezinto eziphilayo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle
Thenga iimveliso zasekhaya. Ngale ndlela, awufumani iimveliso ezintsha kuphela, kodwa uphephe nokuthutha ukutya kumgama omde. I-nitrous oxide iveliswa ziinjini zeemoto ezizisa ukutya nempahla eyimfuneko ngenxa yohambo olude. Ukusuka apho imfuneko yokuxhasa ukutya kunye nemveliso yasekhaya, kungekuphela nje ukutsha kokutya, kodwa kunye nokukhusela i-ozone layer.
Ukugcinwa kwee-air conditioners kunye neefriji
Oyena nobangela wokudinwa kakhulu unokunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezikhenkcisi nee<em>air conditioner ezinechlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Iifriji ezingasebenzi kakuhle nezipholileyo zinokuvuza iiCFCs emoyeni. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo xa kungasetyenziswanga kuyacetyiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane kunye nezibane ezonga umbane
Njengomninikhaya, izixhobo zombane ezisebenza ngamandla kunye neebhalbhu zokukhanya abancedi nje kuphela ukugcina imali, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, bancedisa ukukhusela indalo. Oku kunokuhamba umgama omde ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse (GHG) kunye nolunye ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo oluchaphazela i-ozone. Iileyibhile zamandla ayikuphela kwendlela yokuhamba eluhlaza, zinokunceda abathengi bakhethe ezona mveliso zisebenza ngamandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ikwasisisombululo esinoqoqosho kwiintsapho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendlela zokunciphisa i-ozone kunye nendlela esinokunceda ngayo umoya.