Kumlo wokonga umbane, ubuchwephesha buvumela ukuba sisebenzise imithombo yamandla efana nelanga, umoya okanye amanzi ekukhanyiseni, ukushukuma nokufudumeza okanye ukupholisa amakhaya ethu. Inyathelo elilandelayo inokuba kukujonga phantsi, ngaphantsi kweenyawo zethu, iimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu komhlaba, apho ubushushu bufudumele kwaye buhlala buhleli ngamaxesha onke. Kwakhona, imalunga nokusebenzisa amandla asingqongileyo. Ubushushu obuninzi obufika kuthi buvela elangeni bufunxwa ngumhlaba yaye buhlala bungaphantsi komhlaba. Enkosi kwi iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal sinokusebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kumhlaba ongaphantsi ukufudumeza okanye ukupholisa ikhaya lethu.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iimpompo zokufudumala kwe-geothermal, iimpawu zazo, ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ziziphi iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal
Impompo yobushushu be-geothermal inkqubo yokufudumeza neyokupholisa esebenzisa amandla obushushu agcinwe eMhlabeni ukulawula ubushushu besakhiwo okanye ikhaya. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zemveli ezitshisa amafutha efosili okanye ukusebenzisa umbane ukuvelisa ubushushu okanye ukubanda, iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zinobuhlobo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Zisebenza njani
Ukusebenza kwayo kwabelana ngeteknoloji kunye nezinye iintlobo zeempompo zokufudumala ezikhoyo kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zomoya; imisebenzi eyenziwa lulwelo olusebenzayo (ulwelo lokudluliswa kobushushu) kwezi nkqubo, kunye neendima ezidlalwe zezinye izinto ezenza isekethe:
- Isicinezeli: Isixhobo esinoxanduva lokunyusa uxinzelelo lolwelo, ngaloo ndlela sandise ubushushu balo.
- Umphunga: Isixhobo esinoxanduva lokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu.
Ngale setethi yokutshintsha koxinzelelo, ubushushu obufunekayo bugqithiselwa ukusuka ngaphakathi komhlaba ukuya kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwendlu okanye igumbi. Nje ukuba wenze umsebenzi wokutshintshiselana okanye ukufumana ubushushu obufunekayo, lixesha lokusasaza ubushushu obuxeliweyo kwigumbi ukuze kufudunyezwe.
Inkqubo iqhutyelwa ngendlela efanayo nenkqubo yokusabalalisa ukushisa okuqhelekileyo. Kukho uluhlu olwaneleyo lwamaqondo obushushu bomhlaba Ukufudumala kwe-geothermal kuyahambelana neeradiyetha ezintsha nezikhoyo kunye nofakelo lokufudumeza ngaphantsi.
Omnye umsebenzi wofakelo lwe-geothermal kukubamba ubushushu ukuze i-ACS ivelise umbane. Okwangoku, abavelisi banemodeli yeempompo zobushushu be-geothermal ezinamandla okusebenza okwaneleyo ukugubungela iimfuno zexesha elizayo zokupholisa umoya kunye namanzi ashushu asekhaya kuhlobo ngalunye lwekhaya. Kwezi meko, unokuthembela kwitanki yamanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ufakelo ngeempompo ze-geothermal
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zofakelo lwe-geothermal, oluhluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni imibhobho yotshintshiselwano ifumana ntoni.
ukubamba okuthe tye
Uphawu oluphambili lolu hlobo lwesibonelelo ukuhanjiswa okuthe tyaba kwabaqokeleli abasasaza ulwelo lokuhambisa ubushushu. Ezi zibonakala zandisa ubude nobubanzi beploti. Yeyona fomati isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimodeli ze-geothermal. Isikhundla sayo simalunga nemitha kunye nesiqingatha ubunzulu, kwaye le yimeko kuphela apho imozulu yangaphandle inokulawulwa khona. Ukuze le ndlela isebenze, kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo yokwandisa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufumaneka rhoqo kwiiplani ezihambelana nezindlu zentsapho enye okanye ezinye iintlobo zezakhiwo ezizimeleyo ezinemigangatho eyaneleyo yokubamba amandla afunekayo ashushu ukuze asetyenziswe. Kwiindawo ezincinci ezinezakhiwo ezinkulu aziyi kusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuqokelelwa kwe-geothermal ethe nkqo kusetyenziswa i-probes okanye amaqula
Ukoyisa ukungabikho kokucingelwa kwangaphambili kwengxaki yomhlaba, kukho ukhetho lokubeka inkqubo yokutshintshiselana (imibhobho) ngokuthe nkqo. Le ndlela ingenye ihlawulela ukunqongophala kwendawo enembobo ephezulu. Umsebenzi wawubandakanya ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokulungiselela abantsonkothileyo, kodwa iziphumo zazisebenza kakuhle xa ukufikelela kwintlenga efudumeleyo kubunzulu obusuka kwi-25 ukuya kwi-150 yeemitha. Ububanzi bequla le-probe buncinci, malunga ne-10-15 cm.
Ukubanjwa kwe-geothermal kumachibi okanye emilanjeni
Ukuvunwa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kubandakanya ukwazisa iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano (imibhobho yolwelo olugqithiselwa ubushushu) ngokuthe ngqo kumachibi ashushu okanye emilanjeni okanye kwimithombo yamanzi ashushu. Ukutshintshana kobushushu kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo enamanzi.
Yinkqubo elula kakhulu ngaphandle kobunzima bobugcisa obugqithisileyo, uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukungonakali kwayo kukuba lo mthombo wamanzi awufumaneki kuyo yonke indawo. Ngoku ka ubunzulu bofakelo lomqokeleli wolwelo kunye nemfuno yobushushu efunekayo, amandla okanye uhlobo lwempompo ye-geothermal Kufuneka ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwiimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal
Inzuzo:
- Ukusebenza kwamandla: Iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokufudumeza eziqhelekileyo kunye nokupholisa. Banokubonelela ukuya kwiiyunithi ezine zokufudumeza okanye ukupholisa kwiyunithi nganye yombane osetyenzisiweyo, okwenza ukuba babe nomtsalane kuqoqosho ekuhambeni kwexesha.
- Uzinzo: Ziyindlela ehambelana nendalo esingqongileyo kuba zithatha ithuba lokuvuselela kunye nomthombo wamandla rhoqo: ubushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kwaye kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse.
- Ukungafani: Ukongeza kokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, iimpompo zobushushu bomhlaba zingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi, okugcina amandla kwimveliso yamanzi ashushu asekhaya.
- Ukuzinza: Ezi nkqubo zithande ukuhlala ixesha elide kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
- Ukuzimela kwiimeko zemozulu zangaphandle: Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ze-thermal zelanga okanye iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic, iimpompo zokufudumala kwe-geothermal azixhomeki kwimitha yelanga okanye kwiimeko zemozulu zangaphandle, ngoko zisebenza rhoqo kwaye ziqikeleleke unyaka wonke.
Iingxaki:
- Utyalomali lokuqala: Utyalo-mali lokuqala lokufakela impompo yobushushu be-geothermal ludla ngokuba phezulu kunolo lweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yesidingo sokungcwaba i-loop ye-geothermal okanye ukucwiliselwa emanzini, okudinga ukugrunjwa okukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo.
- ifuna indawo: Ufakelo lwesixokelelwano sobushushu bomhlaba sifuna isithuba se-loop ye-geothermal, nokuba kusemhlabeni okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Kwiipropati ezinendawo enyiniweyo okanye izithintelo zocando lwemida, oku kunokuba ngumngeni.
- Imfuneko yeemvume kunye nemimiselo: Imimiselo kunye namaphepha-mvume okufakelwa kweenkqubo ze-geothermal zinokwahluka ngokwejografi, nto leyo enokongeza ubunzima kwinkqubo yofakelo.
- Ixesha lokuhlawula: Ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle kwayo, ixesha elifunekayo lokubuyisela utyalo-mali lokuqala linokuba lide kuneenkqubo ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso asekuhlaleni kunye nenkuthazo yerhafu ekhoyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neempompo zokufudumala kwe-geothermal kunye nendlela ezinokunceda ngayo ukufudumeza okanye ukupholisa ikhaya lethu.