En I-China sele ithengisa iimoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu kunalo lonke ihlabathi lidibeneyo. Oku kwaxelwa yiarhente yeReuters, ekwajolise kwi uhlobo lwesithuthi esiphumelelayo nakwizizathu zabo.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimarike, ezinje ngeMelika okanye emantla eYurophu, kwilizwe laseAsia iimodeli ezikhuthaza obu buchwephesha Ziimpawu zaseTshayina kwaye zinendawo encinci yokuzimela kunabanye abavelisi bamanye amazwe abanjengoTesla okanye uNissan.
Iimoto zombane ziyinyani. Kumaxesha akutshanje bafikelele kwinqanaba lokuzimela, ukusebenza kunye nexabiso elibenzayo ukhetho olusebenzayo ngokugqibeleleyo kwinani elikhulayo labaqhubi, ngemfuno kuphela yokuba nendawo yokudibanisa kwigaraji kwaye ungenzi uhambo olude kakhulu kune-100 km phakathi kokuphinda uhlaziye.
Iidolophu ezinkulu yindawo yendalo yeemoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu. Kwiindlela zasezidolophini zizixhobo ezichazayo kwaye ngenxa yokuthula kwabo ngokupheleleyo, intuthuzelo, ukuqhuba ngokungagungqi ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwegiya kunye nokungabikho komsi, babonisa ukongama okukhulu kangangokuba baya kusenza sibone iimoto ezitshisayo "ezindala" njengeinjini zomphunga ezindala.
Ixabiso eliphantsi kwiimoto zombane e-China
Okwangoku kukho ukunyuka kwentengiso kwii-giants zaseAsia, yonke le nto iqale ukubulela ku Umgaqo-nkqubo onochuku owasungulwa nguBeijing, apho uRhulumente ekhuthaza ukufakelwa kunye nokwenziwa kwenkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo ekuthengeni, imoto yombane ifumana ukukhula e-China.
Kunyaka ophelileyo babhalisa phakathi kweemoto zombane kunye ne-plug-in hybrids (okanye iplagi-in) ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sesigidi izithuthi, ucinga ntoni ukwanda kwama-60 epesenti kunonyaka ophelileyo.
Iinjongo
Ngo-2020, ilizwe lizibekele iinjongo zokuba kude kube Iimoto ezizizigidi ezi-5 olu hlobo lujikeleza kwiindlela zalo; Kwaye oku kutyala iibhiliyoni zeedola kwinkxaso-mali kwiinkampani zalapha ekhaya ezinje nge-BYD okanye i-BAIC ukuzivelisa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukongeza ekonyuseni ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwezinye izithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezifana neteksi okanye ibhasi.
Kwaye, ngaphandle kobunkokheli obufunyenwe yi-China ngokugqibeleleyo, isantya sokuphunyezwa ayibonakali yanele ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zelizwe.
NgoSeptemba wonyaka ophelileyo, uRhulumente wase China, onengxaki enkulu yongcoliseko kwizixeko zakhe, wabhengeza inkqubo yokuphumeza eyamisela ukuba i-8% ubhaliso olutsha Kwi-2018 kuye kwafuneka ukuba babe ziimoto ezicocekileyo zombane kunye ne-plug-in hybrids. Ngo-2019 kufuneka bafike kwi-10% kwaye ngo-2020 iipesenti ezili-12.
Nangona kunjalo, iarhente yeReuters ixele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ukuba urhulumente wase-China ucinga ukwala ezi njongo zonyaka omnye, Oko kukuthi, ukuseta i-8% quota ye-2019.
Ingxaki yongcoliseko
Ingxaki yokusingqongileyo e-China Ifikelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Iidolophu ezinkulu zisuka kolunye ulumkiso olubomvu ziye kolandelayo, umsi uqhubela phambili njengesaqhwithi sentengiso, ukuthengiswa kweemaski kukhule kakhulu, kwaye kwenzeka into efanayo ngokugxeka urhulumente. Kodwa ukusuka apha sinokuzibuza, Kutheni le nto isenzeka? Isizathu sidibanisa izinto ezininzi, ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso kunye namandla, ukuya kubume bendawo.
Ngelishwa ibe ngumfanekiso oqheleke kakhulu: I-Beijing, ikomkhulu lase China, ligutyungelwe ngumsi. Abasemagunyeni baphonononge iindlela ezininzi. Ukuvalwa okukhethekileyo, imvula eyenziweyo, iidrones ... akukho nto ibonakala isebenza. Ingxaki kukuba akukho nto ingako ekuhlaseleni i-foci nganye. Ungcoliseko lufuna imanyano ngaphambili, kwaye ixesha elingakumbi lilahlekile, kokukhona ixabiso lihlawulwa ngabemi
Omnye wale mida inokuba yimoto enexabiso eliphantsi yombane.
ENorway
I-China kunye ne-akhawunti yase-US ye-60% yazo zonke iimoto zombane emhlabeni. Kodwa oyena mfundi uluncedo ekuphunyezweni kolu hlobo lokuhamba yiNorway. I-28,76% yeemoto ezibhalisiweyo kule Ilizwe laseNordic ngo-2016 babenombane, ngaphezulu kwe-0,52% yomyinge wehlabathi.
Ngosuku oluqhelekileyo, malunga ne-32.000 yezithuthi zombane zijikeleza phakathi kwe-Oslo neTrondheim. Esinye sezizathu, njengase China, zizibonelelo zesisa ezivela kurhulumente waseNorway. Ukuhlawula irhafu encinci, ukuvuselelwa simahla okanye ukujikeleza okukhethiweyo ngamanye amanyathelo enkxaso. ENorway iimoto zombane zingasebenzisa indlela yebhasi, inzuzo ebonakalayo kumaxesha aphezulu.
Ngapha koko, amaqela aphambili ezopolitiko eNorway Bavumile Ukuthintela ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezisebenzisa amandla ezinto ezisukela kumafutha ukusuka ku-2025, kwisakhelo sotshintsho olupheleleyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wamandla.
Njengoko sele sibonile, iimoto zombane ezingabizi mali eninzi zixhaswa ngexabiso, kwaye njengoko iReuters isitsho, abanayo into "ekhethekileyo" enophawu olunjenge tesla, Obheja ngaphandle kweentloni ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, iimoto ezinamandla ezinokuzimela okukhulu, ¿Zeziphi izithuthi zasekhaya esele ziphumelela e-China? Makhe sijonge kwimoto yombane ebiza ixabiso eliphantsi I-Chery eQ.
Ukuthengisa iimoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu
I-Chery eQ
El I-Chery eQ ixabisa i-yuan ezingama-60.000 eShanghai, ilingana no ngaphantsi kwe-8.200 euro kunye nesibonelelo esifakiwe. Ngaphandle kolu ncedo, bekunokubiza ngaphezulu kwe-100.000 yuan, Oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu kancinci kune-13.600 euro.
I-General Motors (GM), umzekelo, yazisa entsha Chevrolet evulwa, que Ixabisa malunga ne- $ 30.000 emva kokubandakanya ikhredithi yomdibaniso weedola ezingama-7.500 XNUMX.
UXie Chao, osebenza kwinkampani yemichiza yaseShanghai uthi: imali encinci yokuthenga enye. Ukuba ufuna kuphela imoto yokuya emsebenzini okanye yokujikeleza isixeko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okungaphantsi kancinci I-100 km yokuzimela sele ihamba kakuhle".
UXie ubanga ukuba uthenge iimoto zombane ezingamaxabiso aphantsi ukusukela ngo-2015: a Imoto ye-Anhui Jianghuai iEV4, un IBAIC EV160 kunye UGeely Emgrand EV, enye ayisebenzise, enye ibe yeyomfazi wakhe, enye ibe yeyokurenta. Kuyamangalisa kodwa kuyinyani.
Ngokuka-Zhang Dawei, i-CEO yomhambisi we-EVBuy, "iimoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu zinamaxabiso afanayo, ixabiso ke lithatha isigqibo ”. I-eQ esele ikhankanyiwe ibingu-el ukuthengisa kakhulu kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, "ngomgangatho onesidima ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu." “Ezi zixhobo zothutho. Ukuhamba kuphela, hayi ukuqhayisa, okanye uxhobise itekhnoloji yakutshanje ", uqukumbela ngelitshoyo.
Abanye abahlalutyi bemakethi baseAsia bakwalatha njengento ebalulekileyo kolu dumo lokuba abemi abaninzi beedolophu ezinkulu Abafazi baseTshayina bakhetha ezi moto ukuba bazifumane ngokulula ipleyiti yelayisensi. Kwaye ukuba sisiqingatha seshumi leedolophu ezinkulu e-China esele zilawula ngokungqongqo iipleyiti zeelayisensi zeemoto zepetroli kwimicimbi yongcoliseko. Ngelixa banikezela ngokukhululekileyo iimvume kwiimoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu.
Omnye we Izitshixo zokuchaza ukuba kutheni ezi moto zombane zitshiphu zifumana eChina Ubuxoki, kwakhona, kwi Inkqubo yenkxaso. Kwaye yile, kumenzi welinye ilizwe, kunzima ukufikelela kuhlobo lwenkxaso, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bayifumane ukuba basebenza ngokudibana kunye namaqabane asekuhlaleni. Yimeko ye denza, exhasa iqela laseJamani iDaimler.
Nangona uncedo, lwakho Ixabiso lisengaphezulu kwabavelisi bendawo. Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kwiimveliso zaseTshayina, ngokweengxelo zonke, kuhlala ... ngaphandle kokuya kwiimeko ezininzi kwilahleko eqhubekayo yomgangatho wemveliso. Into engenzekiyo kwiinkampani ezinemali engaphandle.
Ngoku bonke abahlalutyi banethemba lokuba, kancinci kancinci, nje ukuba imodeli yeshishini labo idityanisiwe, ezi abenzi abatsha baseTshayina se Yandisa kwihlabathi lonke. Nangona kunjalo, ihleli. Umzekelo eDetroit, Imoto yeGAC (Inxalenye yeGuangzhou Automobile Group) ibonise imoto entsha eluncedo yombane ye-GE3. Kwaye wabhengeza ukuba, nangona wayenezicwangciso zokungena eMelika kulo nyaka kwi-2017, ekugqibeleni wayezokulibazisa de kube li-2019.
Changan BenBen EV
I-BenBen yenye yezona zithuthi zithengisa kakhulu e-China kuhlobo lwayo lokutsha. Inkampani igqibe kwelokuba isungule uhlobo lombane lwemodeli ngalo Disemba. Iya kuba nokuzimela kwe Iikhilomitha ezili-200 kunye nexabiso 8.200 euro.
I-Dongfeng Jingyi S50 EV
IJingyi S50 sisidan esiveliswe ngabakwaDongfeng Motors. Kwakhona, yimoto ethandwa kakhulu kwinguqu yayo yokutsha, kodwa ngoku iya kubona ukufika kwenguqu yombane. Ngokuzimela kwe Iikhilomitha ezili-250 kunye nexabiso 16.400 euro.
Ezinye izithuthi zombane
Iibhasi zombane
Iibhasi zombane ithuba elihle lokuphumeza ukuhamba kombane ezixekweni. Indlela egqibeleleyo yokudibanisa ezona ndlela zingcono zokuhamba ezinje ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye namandla ombane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kweebhasi zombane kwizixeko zaseYurophu kuhamba kancinci kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwenzeka okwahlukileyo eTshayina, apho kukho umboniso omangalisayo.
Ukukhula kwentengiso yebhasi yombane kwakomelele kakhulu e-China ngexesha le-2016, xa iyonke I-115.7000 unidades, kunye nesabelo sentengiso se-20%.
Igrafu ibonisa indlela utshintsho olwenzeka ngayo ngo-2015, xa ukuthengiswa kwezi bhasi kwakunyuka. U-2016 uqinisekisile olu tshintsho kunye ukwanda kweeyunithi ezingama-20.000 Ngonyaka ophelileyo.
Iivenkile zombane
Iivenkile zombane ziba yinto eyaziwayo eTshayina. Amaxesha amaninzi, asetyenziselwa ukuhambisa abakhweli, esebenza njengeebhasi ezincinci. Le yimeko ye-JAC Sunray i6, enesakhono sokufikelela 12 abantu. Inokubhengezwa kokuzimela kwe Iikhilomitha ezili-160, kodwa ixabiso alaziwa. Iya kufika kwimarike ngamanye amaxesha ngo-2017.
Iilori zombane
Iilori ezincinci zikwanentengiso yazo kwingxilimbela yaseAsia. IJinbei JBC Qiyun EV inoluhlu lwee Iikhilomitha ezili-200 yy unokuqhubeka nokufikelela Iikhilogram ezi-2.700
Imizamo engakumbi emhlabeni
Ngaphandle kokuqaqambisa "ukukhula okunamandla" kwintengiso yezi zithuthi ngo-2016, i-Arhente yaMandla yeHlabathi ibonakalisile ukuba iyenzeka ukumiliselwa ngakumbi akukho Kwaye kusekho 'indlela ende' ekufuneka ihanjisiwe de iimoto zombane zenze 'igalelo elibalulekileyo' kwiinjongo zika ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi.
I-arhente ibalaselisa ukuba, ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabenzi bemoto ngokwabo, kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2020 phakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-20 yezigidi bazakujikeleza kwihlabathi. iimoto zombane. Oko impahla izakuba phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-70 yezigidi ngonyaka ka-2025, ngokokuqikelela okufanayo. Kodwa iarhente iyakhumbula ukuba, ukufezekisa iinjongo zesiVumelwano saseParis, kuyakufuneka ukufikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-600 ezigidi ngo-2040.Inkxaso eyomeleleyo yezopolitiko iyimfuneko«, Ilumkisa i-Arhente yaMandla yeHlabathi.
Ubunyani bemoto yombane
Okwangoku uluhlu lwenene lwemoto yombane ludlula kwi-100 km, kodwa amanani asemthethweni akufutshane ne-200 km akufuneki asilahlekise: Asinakuze silifezekise elo nani laselebhu kwimeko eyiyo. Kuba akukho lula ukufumana indawo yokutshaja kwaye kufuneka ulinde iiyure ezininzi ukuba zigcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ngokwenza oku kuthetha ukuba zilungile kuphela ekwenzeni ngaphezulu kwe-100 km ngosuku, kufuneka siphinde sihlaziye ubusuku bonke ukuba sifikelela kumda.
Ngala magumbi, iimoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu zezona zilungele umqhubi wedolophu, kodwa angakwazi ukubetha indlela yohambo olude. Kuhola wendlela, ibhetri iyanyibilika ngathi ngumkhenkce kwi cafe kwaye ukuba kufuneka sijongane namathambeka aphezulu ukubala kufuneka kube kokugcina ngakumbi. Esixekweni, nangona kunjalo, zibonakala ngathi zihlala ngonaphakade kuba iikhilomitha zihamba kancinci kwaye isiphumo sokuqalisa asibenzakalisi.
Indawo yayo eyomeleleyo kukugcwala kwabantu ezidolophini, apho isimilo sayo simangalisa. Kakhulu, kangangokuba xa uzama enye esixekweni uyaqonda ukuba zonke iimoto kufuneka zibe ngumbane ukujikeleza phakathi kwezitrato. Imoto yombane ayinayo i-clutch okanye iigiya, kodwa imoto ejika kunye namavili ime kunye nawo, ngawo onke amandla aguqulwa abe kukuhamba kwangoko nangokuthe cwaka. Abadluli kwindawo yabo yendalo, kodwa abakwazi ukuphuma kuyo.
Ukugqiba eli nqaku, siza kubona ezinye zeemoto zombane esinokuthi sizenze thenga eYurophuIxabiso eliphantsi, iimoto zombane (uhlobo). Asizukubandakanya iimodeli ezinje ngeTesla, njengoko bedlala enye iligi.
Iimoto zombane zaseYurophu
BMW i3
I-BMW i3 kukuzibophelela kwe-BMW kwiimoto zombane. Okokuqala 100% isithuthi sombane Ixabiso liibhetri ezibandakanyiweyo kwaye ngaphandle kokuthabatha uncedo lwe I-35.500 €.
Ibandakanya a Inkqubo yoqhagamshelo lwe3G ekuvumela ukuba ulawule imiba eyahlukeneyo yesithuthi ukude, qhagamshela kwi-Intanethi, jonga imeko yezithuthi, jonga ukuJongwa kwesitalato.
Kwicandelo loomatshini, inyusa isithuthi sayo sombane, iBMW eDrive enika imoto a 170CV amandla, kunye nezinye 22 okanye 33 kWh iibhetri Umthamo uyinike ubuninzi bokuzimela obuvunyiweyo be-300 km kunye Isantya esiphezulu se-150km / h
ICitroën E-Mehari
I-E-Mehari yi Isithuthi sombane esiguqukayo izihlalo ezine ezabelana ngeempawu ezithile zobuhle kunye neCactus M, iprototype eboniswe yiCitroën ngoSeptemba 2015. Yenziwe ngokubambisana nenkampani yaseFrance iBolloré, esele ithengisa isithuthi esineempawu ezifanayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bluesummer.
Injini yombane ye-E-Mehari ine-68 hp yamandla amakhulu kwaye ixhotyiswa ngamandla agcinwe kwi ibhetri yePolymer 30 kWh lithium ibhetri. Ixesha elifunekayo lokugcwalisa kwakhona ziiyure ezisibhozo kwindawo yokuphuma eyi-8-amp kunye neeyure ezili-16 kwindawo yokuphuma eyi-13 Ngokuka-Citroën, i-E-Mehari inokuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-10 kwiindawo ezisezidolophini (okanye malunga ne-200 kwiindlela ezikhawulezayo) kwaye fikelela kwi-110 km / h ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ixabiso layo ngu Uncedo oluncinci lwe-26 euro kunye nentlawulo yenyanga ye- € 87 ngenyanga yokuqeshisa ibhetri. Inani lalo ntlawulo lizimele kwiikhilomitha ezihanjiweyo ngonyaka.
renault zoe
El Renault Zoe sisixhobo sombane esime sodwa I-400 km yokuzimela ngokomjikelo weNEDC.
Ifumaneka kumanqanaba amaxabiso amane kwaye igqityiwe, inikezelwa njengombane wokuqala olungele ukulwa ukusuka kuwe ukuya kuwe ngeNissan Leaf. Iyafumaneka ngobunini bebhetri okanye ukhetho lokurenta.
Kwicandelo lobuchwephesha inyusa imoto yombane yokutshintsha okwangoku 92 hp yamandla, ibhetri ye 41kWh Lithium Ion umthamo, isantya esiphezulu Inqunyelwe kwi-135 km / h kunye nokukhawulezisa 0 ukuya ku-100 kwimizuzwana eli-12.
IVolkswagen e-Golf
IVolkswagen ihlaziye i icon yayo ukuphawula indlela eluhlaza eya kufakelo lombane, nge IVolkswagen e-Golf. Yicompact yokuqala yenkampani yaseJamani eyenziweyo esekwe kwiModyuli eNtsha yeMbane yoMbane (MEB). Into ebizwa yiVolkswagen "yidemokhrasi yokuhamba-zero kokuphuma."
Isizukulwana sesibini setekhnoloji yegalufa yombane iza noluhlu olukhulu, amandla amaninzi, iinkcukacha zoyilo ezintsha kunye nehlabathi elingaphakathi elidijithali.
Nissan Leaf
I-Nissan LEAF yeyona moto yokuqala inexabiso eliphantsi yombane waseJapan iNissan kunye neyona ithengiswa kakhulu namhlanje Iiyunithi ezingama-100.000 zithengisiwes phakathi kweYurophu, iUnited States neJapan.
Iqale ukuthengisa ngo-2010 ngoguqulelo olunako ukuwenza 145km ngokomjikelo weNEDC. Okwangoku ikhuphe izizukulwane ezibini ezingaphezulu ngamanqanaba amathathu etreyini (IVisia, iVisa +, iAcenta kunye neTekna).
Ngamandla ebhetri e-24 kW kunye ne-30 kW, unokufikelela kwi Ukuzimela kwe-250km, enye Ukukhawulezisa i-0-100 ye-11,5s kunye namandla aphezulu 109 CV.