Los iimoto zehydrogen Zizithuthi ezithathwa njengeqanda elikhutshwayo. Basebenza nge-fuel cell, apho i-hydrogen ifakwe i-oxidized ukuvelisa umbane wokuqhuba. Kuphela ngumphunga wamanzi okhutshwayo ngexesha le nkqubo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli, enye okanye ngaphezulu kweenjini zombane zinoxanduva lokuhamba kwemoto. Iya kudityaniswa ngebhetri kunye ne-fuel cell. Le nxalenye iya kugqitywa ngetanki yokugcina egcina i-hydrogen.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga neemoto ze-hydrogen kunye neempawu zazo.
Iimpawu zeemoto ze-hydrogen
Nje ukuba umqhubi aqalise imoto, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe yimoto kukugcwalisa i-fuel cell ngehydrogen. Apho, ixutywa neoksijini ikhutshwe, ihluzwe kwaye ixinzelelwe ngaphandle ngecompressor. Ngolu manyano, umbane kunye namanzi ziya kuveliswa.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba amandla adluliselwa kwibhetri ukuze agcinwe. Ayingeni ngqo enjinini. Inkqubo yenziwa ngolu hlobo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho amandla rhoqo xa umqhubi eyidinga kwaye akukho tics engathandekiyo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusebenza kwezithuthi ezinezi mpawu kuya kufumana abalandeli abaninzi ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Ngokoqikelelo lweSpanish Hydrogen Energy Association (AeH2), ishishini lilindele ukuba Iimoto ze-hydrogen ezili-140.000 ziya kujikeleziswa eSpain kwiminyaka eli-11.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiimoto zehydrogen
Ayingcolisi
Njengoko besichazile ngaphambili, Iimoto zehydrogen zikhupha kuphela umphunga wamanzi. Olu hlobo lwesithuthi, olubizwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), lufana nesithuthi sombane ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokungakhuphi izinto ezinobungozi, uya kunceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwaye unciphise ungcoliseko olubi olubangelwa kuthutho lwemveli.
Ukufaka amafutha ngokukhawuleza
Kuthatha kuphela imizuzu emi-3-5 ukugcwalisa imoto nge-hydrogen, elifana nexesha elifunekayo kwipetroli okanye kwidizili. Ngale ndlela, izithuthi zombane zithotywa ngenxa yokuba zifuna ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 ukuze zifake i-petroli. Ngokufanayo, ngokutsho kwedatha ye-AeH2, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokufakela i-refueling isithuthi se-hydrogen yi-8,5 euro ngeekhilomitha ezili-100, ezifana neendleko zomqhubi wedizili okanye isithuthi sepetroli.
Uhlangabezana neethagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-EU
Ukuba unemoto ye-hydrogen, uya kulinda (kwaye ulungelelanise) kwi-EU ekujoliswe kuyo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-2030. Kuloo nyaka, ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo ezivela Iimoto ezintsha kufuneka zibe ngaphantsi kwama-35% kunowama-2021.
Ukugcinwa okuncinci
Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, ezi moto zinokulungiswa okuncinci kwe-injini kwaye zilula kakhulu. I-Hydrogen icocekile xa yenziwe kwaye isetyenziswa. Ngesi sizathu, baye baba ngababambeli bokwenyani abakhuthazwa ngawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwehlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, akumangalisi ukuba iJamani yabele i-140 yezigidi zeeyuro nyaka ngamnye ekuphuhliseni la mandla.
Azingxoli
Iimoto zeHydrogen zizolile kwaye azingcoliseki njengeemoto zombane zemveli. Kodwa babagqwesa nangenye inkalo ebaluleke kakhulu: ukuzimela. KUNYELe yokugqibela inokuhamba umndilili weekhilomitha ezingama-300 ngentlawulo enye, ngelixa i-hydrogen inokuhamba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini.
Uyakwazi ukupaka ngaphandle kokuhlawula
Kuba zijongwa njengeemoto ezicocekileyo, iimoto ezine-hydrogen ziphawulwe njenge 'zero emissions' yi-DGT, njengemoto zombane. Oku kuzisa iingenelo ezifanayo abazifumanayo “abazalwana” bakhe (ngokukodwa kwizixeko ezithile). Phakathi kwabo, Abanazithintelo ekuqhubeni, banokupaka kwindawo ye-SER ngaphandle kokuhlawula, kwaye banokuhamba naxa izivumelwano zokuthintela ungcoliseko ezisekwe kwiidolophu eziphambili ezifana neMadrid neBarcelona zisebenza ngexesha elithile.
Zinyamezela amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo
Enye inzuzo yolu hlobo lwesithuthi kukuba, ngokungafaniyo ne-100% yezithuthi zombane, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu. Ukusebenza kwemoto akuzange kutshintshe kwaye uluhlu lwayo aluzange lutshintshe kakhulu, njengemoto yombane.
Ukungalungi kweemoto ze-hydrogen
Ixabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga
Abantu abenza iimoto ezine-hydrogen basebenze nzima behlisa amaxabiso, kodwa basephezulu kuneemoto zombane. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kuxhomekeke kumenzi ngamnye kunye nomzekelo ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu esele ziqalisile ukubheja kolu khetho ziqinisekisa ukuba iimoto ezine-hydrogen ziya kufikeleleka kwiminyaka embalwa. Okwangoku, yiakhawunti elindileyo. Iimpawu iseli fuel kunye itanki hydrogen ukuba Kufuneka bamelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu zezona zizathu zeendleko zabo eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
Zimbalwa iindawo zokufaka amafutha
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uthungelwano lwezikhululo ze-hydrogen refueling ngokwenene azinangqondo. ESpeyin, "ijenereyitha zombane" (eziqhelekileyo) zingabalwa ngesandla. NgokweZiko leSizwe laMandla eHydrogen, zintandathu kuphela ezikhoyo ngoku. Zifumaneka eSeville, ePuertollano, eAlbacete, eZaragoza, eHuesca naseBarbastro. Amanye amazwe sele eqalisile ukubheja ngokugqibeleleyo kolu khetho.
Iimodeli ezincinci
Xa ukhetha imodeli ye-hydrogen powered, akukho zikhetho ezininzi. Ingxaki kule teknoloji namhlanje kukuba abavelisi abanabuganga bokuvelisa iimodeli ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-minuscule network ye "hydroelectric generators" ekhankanywe ngasentla inempembelelo eqinisekileyo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kubakho ukusabela kwetsheyini. Njengoko kukho izikhululo zepetroli ezimbalwa kwaye ixabiso leemoto liphezulu, imfuno isezantsi kakhulu. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba abavelisi abafuni ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwishishini lokuhambisa.
Thatha indawo eninzi
Izithuthi zombane zeeseli zamafutha zinobunzima obuninzi bobugcisa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, onke amacandelo aqulethwe yisithuthi (injini, iyunithi yokulawula kunye ne-converter, ukuhanjiswa, i-fuel cell), ngakumbi indawo ehlala itanki ye-hydrogen, yenza iimodeli ezenziwe ngoku zinkulu kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neemoto ze-hydrogen kunye neempawu zazo.