Amandla eSolar awona mandla afunwayo ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, isenengxaki efanayo njengawo onke amandla avuselelekayo: ukugcinwa kwayo. Kule meko, siza kuthetha malunga iibhetri zelanga ze-lithium ukukwazi ukugcina amandla avela kwiipaneli ze-photovoltaic. Ezi bhetri zineempawu ezintle ezinomdla ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neebhetri zelanga ze-lithium, zisebenza njani kwaye zeziphi iingenelo zazo.
Ziziphi iibhetri zelanga ze-lithium
Iiseli zelanga zizinto ezivumela ukugcinwa kwamandla ombane aveliswa ngokusetyenziswa kweepaneli zelanga. Olu hlobo lwe iibhetri ze-photovoltaic zokuzitshabalalisa zenzelwe ukusebenzisa amandla nangaliphi na ixesha, ngakumbi xa ukufakela kwe-photovoltaic kungasebenzi.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri zokufakelwa kwelanga, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ubungakanani, umthamo kunye namandla afunekayo ukuze ukufakwa kwepaneli yelanga kusebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kusetyenziswe amandla amaninzi. Ewe, ngezi unokulayisha impompo yehydraulic yemoto okanye indlu yakho.
Iintlobo zeebhetri ezisetyenziselwa amandla elanga
- IiMonocells: Zikulungele ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic encinci yodwa ngaphandle kweenjini. Ziibhetri zeasidi yelothe ezingabizi kwaye zilula.
- Iibhetri zeCycle ezinzulu: Enkulu kwaye inzima, kunye nomjikelezo ofanayo njengeseli enye, zilungele ukusetyenziswa okuphakathi kunye neeyunithi zobomi obude.
- Iiseli zeAGM: banomdla wokulungisa i-valve ye-electrolyte kunye ne-gas regulation valve, iiseli ezitywinwe nge-hermetically kwaye azifuni naluphi na uhlobo lokugcinwa, zixhathisa kakhulu kwii-vibrations kwaye zenzelwe ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic encinci.
- Iibhetri eziZinzisiweyo: Banobomi benkonzo obude kwaye benzelwe ukuqhuba ubomi obude.
- iibhetri ze-lithium: azikhuphi igesi, zikhanya kakhulu, azichaphazeleki xa zikhutshiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zithatha indawo encinci kakhulu.
I-Lithium yialkaline, inokutsha, ithambile, ithambileyo, isilivere kunye nesinyithi esikhaphukhaphu, kwaye ibonakala ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu xa udibana nomoya. I-lithium ikhona kuqweqwe lomhlaba kwiinxalenye ezingama-65 kwisigidi ngasinye kwaye ayinakuntywiliselwa emanzini. Ezi bhetri ze-lithium zelanga zezona zitshaja ngokukhawuleza, ubomi obude kunye nobuninzi bamandla aphezulu.
Ekwaziwa njenge-lithium-ion okanye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, basebenzisa ityuwa ye-lithium njenge-electrolyte, ekwazi ukukhulula ii-electron kwaye, ngokusabela kweekhemikhali, Bayakwazi ukugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla ombane. Iibhetri zeLithium yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yofakelo lwe-photovoltaic olunemfuno eziphezulu zamandla ezifuna ukuzimela okukhulu imini yonke kunye nemitha yelanga encinci. Olu hlobo lwebhetri yesolar lunokuba yimodyuli kwaye lunokudityaniswa ngokweemfuno kunye notshintsho kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwekhaya.
Iintlobo zeebhetri zelanga ze-lithium
Iibhetri zeLithium zizona zi-accumulators ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinezinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, ubunzulu obuhle bokukhutshwa kwaye akukho mphumo wokukhumbula, njengoko banokugcina isiqingatha sentlawulo ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhetri ye-lithium. Banexesha le-3 amandla amandla eebhetri eziqhelekileyo kwaye baxhasa amazinga aphezulu angoku.
Ukongeza, zikumgangatho ongaqhelekanga kumandla ombane aphezulu, ukusukela oko ezinye iimodeli zisebenza kuluhlu oluguquguqukayo ukusuka malunga ne-300 V ukuya kwi-450 V, ukulawula ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwemisinga ukuze ugweme ukushisa okanye ukulahleka kweengcingo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezingalunganga.
Ubuchwephesha be-BMS (iiNkqubo zoLawulo lweBattery) zizinto zokhuseleko ekufuneka iibhetri ze-lithium ziphephe iingozi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngoko ke zinconywa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zelanga.Kubalulekile ukugqamisa izinto ezi-3 ezibalulekileyo kufakelo lwebhetri ye-lithium.
Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeebhetri:
- Iibhetri zeLithium/Cobalt oxide: Enye yeenzuzo zayo eziphambili kukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okugqwesileyo.
- Ibhetri yelithium/magnesium oxide: Inomgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko, kodwa ayikhuthazwa ngamandla ukuba isetyenziswe kumaqondo aphezulu.
- Ibhetri ye-iron/lithium phosphate: Ukongeza kwimijikelezo engaphezu kwe-2000, inomsebenzi okhuselekileyo okhuselekileyo kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate kunye nobomi obude benkonzo.
- Iibhetri ze-Cylindrical/Tubular Lithium: ZiyiLithium Ion kwaye zaziwa njengeebhetri zeLithium Polymer.
- Iibhetri zeLithium zePolymer eziMcaba: Zikwaziibhetri zeLithium Polymer.
- Iibhetri zeLithium ezine-Inverter: Ziyi-teknoloji yakutshanje, iibhetri ze-lithium kunye ne-inverter yangaphakathi enokusebenza ngokuhambelana nebhetri, evumela ukuba basebenze njengebhetri kunye ne-inverter yamandla kwiindawo ezincinci.
Inzuzo
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zelead-asidi yesintu, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
- Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu: igcina amandla amaninzi kunye nobunzima obuncinci. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zingagcina ukuya kwi-70% yendawo kunye ne-70% ubunzima xa kuthelekiswa ne-asidi ehamba phambili. Zonke ezi ziluncedo kakhulu, ngakumbi ukugcina ibhetri kunye nokuthutha.
- Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci (ngokulambatha) kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nokukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga.
- Azikhuphi iigesi eziyityhefu nezingcolisayo.
- Ukutshaja okuphezulu okwangoku.
- Bathatha ixesha elincinci ukulayisha
- Ukukhupha okuphezulu okwangoku. Zinokothulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye akukho kulahlekelwa bubomi.
- Ibhetri yexesha elide. Amaxesha amathandathu aphezulu kunezemveli.
- ihlala malunga neminyaka eyi-15.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu phakathi kokulayisha kunye nokukhulula. Ilahleko encinci kakhulu yamandla ngenxa yokuveliswa kobushushu.
- Amandla aqhubekayo aphezulu akhoyo.
- Baphantse bangabikho ukuzikhupha.
- Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi akufunekanga yandiswe emva kokuba kuqalisiwe ukufakela, njengoko ubomi bebhetri entsha buya kufinyezwa kwinqanaba elifanayo nobomi bebhetri endala.
- Iibhetri zeLithium zinokundiswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye iibhetri ezintsha ezinde aziyongxaki.
- Iibhetri zeLithium zinokudityaniswa ngokuhambelanayo ukwandisa umthamo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iibhetri akufuneki ziqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi bazo.
- Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi ilahlekelwa ubomi bayo bomjikelezo (ubude) ukuba ikhupha ngaphantsi kwe-50% yesimo sayo sokuhlawula (ubunzulu bokukhutshwa = i-DOD) okanye ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza.
- iibhetri ze-lithium ion, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inokukhutshwa phantsi malunga ne-80% ye-DOD kwaye ngokukhawuleza kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubomi babo. Abatsha banokude babe ne-100% ye-DOD.
Ukungalungi kweebhetri ze-lithium
- ixabiso layo eliphezulu
- Bafuna umlawuli okanye umphathi ukuze alawule ukulayishwa kunye nokothula. Lo mlawuli udla ngokubandakanya i-inverter kunye nomlawuli.
- Bahlala bebizwa ngokuba "abatyali-mali abaxubileyo".
- iingxaki zokurisayikilisha.
- Ukuxhomekeka kweLithium kwamanye amazwe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neebhetri zelanga ze-lithium kunye neempawu zabo.