KwiNgqungquthela yeMozulu yaseBonn, kwavela isivumelwano esaziwa kancinci kunabanye, kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu. Esi sivumelwano senziwe phakathi kwamazwe ali-19 enza iQonga leBiofuture. La mazwe ali-19 aquka isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi kwaye banoxanduva lwe-37% yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Bazinikele ekonyuseni isixa sezinto eziphilayo ezinokulondolozeka ezikhoyo ingakumbi kwezothutho.
Injongo yesi sivumelwano kukunyusa inani lezinto eziphilayo kwezothutho ukusuka kwi-4,5% ngo-2015 ukuya kwi-17% ngo-2060. Kufuneka enze ntoni la mazwe ukufezekisa oku?
Yandisa i-bioenergy
Ehlabathini jikelele, kunyanzelekile ukonyusa inani lamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo kwaye kungafikeleli kwinqanaba lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi komhlaba. Yile nto izanywa kutshintsho lwamandla, ekhokelela kwihlabathi lamandla ukuya kwabo bangangcolisiyo.
Ingxelo ka I-Arhente yaMandla yeHlabathi (i-IEA) Ndiyathemba ukuba i-bioenergy iyakwazi ukunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi, okwenza ukuba amaqondo obushushu esijikelezileyo angaveli ngaphezu kweedigri ezimbini apho, ngokutsho koluntu lwenzululwazi, utshintsho kwindalo kunye nokuzinza kweplanethi kuya kubuyela umva kwaye ayinakulinganiswa.
Lo mda wokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu uzama ukufezekiswa ngothethathethwano lweSivumelwano saseParis. Ke ngoko, ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo kula macandelo ezoqoqosho nakubantu apho kukhutshwa iigesi ezininzi ezigcina ubushushu, ziya kunciphisa ungcoliseko kwaye, ke ngoko, azizukunyusa iqondo lobushushu.
I-Bioenergy kulindeleke ukuba ikwazi ukubonelela phantse i-17% yazo zonke iimfuno zamandla zokugqibela ngo-2060, ukuyithelekisa ne-4,5% ngo-2015. Ukuyinyani nokuseka izibalo ezichanekileyo, kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ibango lezothutho liya kukhula ngokuphindwe kalishumi kulonyaka kwaye ezothutho ngomnye wemithombo yokukhupha iplanethi iphela. Ukujongana nokuncitshiswa kwegesi engcolisayo kwezothutho, unikezelo lwangoku lwempahla ekrwada yokuvelisa ii-biofuels kuya kufuneka lonyuswe kahlanu.
Xela izigqibo kunye namanyathelo athathiweyo
Ingxelo ifikelela kwizigqibo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo: Nangona kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwephesha ezinxulumene namandla ezifumaneka kwezorhwebo, isixa se-bioenergy esetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane, ubushushu kunye nokuhamba. incinci kakhulu kunaleyo ifunekayo kwimeko yeplanethi apho kwenziwa khona inzame yokuphepha ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kweedigri ezimbini.
Ukuphelisa iingxaki zokunqongophala kokusetyenziswa kwe-bioenergy kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu, kwenziwa iinzame zokwenza impembelelo ekhethekileyo kula manqaku alandelayo:
- Eyokuqala, kwaye mhlawumbi ebaluleke kakhulu, kukukhawulezisa isantya sokuhamba okuzinzileyo kunye neetekhnoloji ze-bioenergy ezikhoyo kwintengiso. Oku kukhokelela kubuchwephesha bokuphuhliswa nokuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuba bangeniswe kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Ukufezekisa oku, ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji kuyadingeka ngokusekwe kwindibaniselwano yeetekhnoloji esele zivuthiwe kule meko kunye nezintsha ezivelayo ezinokuthi zithathe indawo kwaye zizalisekise imisebenzi efanayo yentengiso. Umzekelo, sinokufumana ii-biofuels ezinje nge-cellulosic ethanol, hydrobiodiesel, njl.
- Intsebenziswano yamanye amazwe yinto ephambili ekufezekiseni iinjongo. Kuyathethwa ukuba "intsebenziswano yangoku kufuneka yandiswe ibandakanye nophuhliso lwamazwe-ngamazwe, imibutho yezendalo kunye nenkxaso mali ukufumanisa amathuba okuhanjiswa kwengingqi nakwingingqi anceda ukuhlangabezana. iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo".
- Ipolitiki kufuneka ichukunyiswe. Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka kwenziwe iinkqubo ezintsha ezivumela iinkampani ukuba zityalomali kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nemali eninzi.
Njengoko ubona, amandla ahlaziyekayo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ii-greenhouse gases kunye nokulwa notshintsho lwemozulu.