Ngaphakathi kwisebe lebhayoloji kukho isebe elaziwa njenge-ecology. Ngaphakathi kweli sebe kukho enye enoxanduva lokufundwa kohlobo ngalunye kulungelelwaniso lwalo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Olu qeqesho lwaziwa njenge ezenzekelayo. Injongo yale sayensi kukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwendalo ukuze kusekwe lonke ubudlelwane olumiselayo kunye nendawo yokuhlala.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-autoecology, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-Autoecology incedwa zizo zonke iinzululwazi ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga neentlobo. Indawo ohlala kuyo ikwanomdla wokwazi unxibelelwano olunokubakho phakathi kwamaqela omabini. Zonke izifundo zale nzululwazi zihlala zikhetha umntu kwaye zimfundisise phantsi kweempawu zokwenziwa kunye nokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, babumba ubudlelwane kunye nendalo ebangqongileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Injongo yile ukunciphisa ukuntsokotha kwayo yonke imiba yokusingqongileyo ephazamisa ngandlela thile ukukhula komntu ngokukodwa. Izinto zokusingqongileyo ezinje ngesixa selanga lesiganeko, ubushushu, ubungakanani bamanzi akhoyo, uhlobo lomhlaba, kunye nemvula, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuseka lonke unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kweempawu zobomi kunye nomsebenzi womntu kwezi ntlobo zobomi, kubalulekile ukujongana nexabiso lomntu lowo kunye neendawo zabo zokuhlala.
Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukumisela ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokulungiswa umntu akwaziyo ukuziphucula ukuze aphile kule meko. Nguwe unobangela wokuba kutheni I-autoecology yahlukile kwelinye isebe elikwingqokelela yezinto eziphilayo kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-synecology. Yahluke ikakhulu kwinqanaba lokuma apho kufundwa khona i-ecosystem. Ngelixa i-synecology ifunda iseti yeentlobo ezenza uluntu kunye newebhu zokutya abazenzayo, i-autoecology ifunda kuphela uhlobo oluthile ngokubhekisele kwindalo.
Unokuthi le nzululwazi ikhetheke ngakumbi kwaye ineenkcukacha ngakumbi kune-synecology.
Injongo yokufunda ye-autoecology
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eyona njongo iphambili kukufunda uhlobo oluthile lwendalo ukuze sazi ukuba lumisela njani ulungelelwaniso oluthile ukuze luphile kwimeko yalo. Ukuba sikukhuphela ngaphandle konke oku ukuziqhelanisa, siyabona ukuba izifundo ezahlukeneyo ze-autoecological zithathela ingqalelo abantu abathile okanye omnye okanye abantu abambalwa bento ethile. Injongo yokugqibela kukuseka imbalelwano ekhoyo phakathi kweempawu zohlobo oluthile lwendalo kunye nendawo apho ikhula khona.
I-Anatomy kunye ne-physiology
Ukuze wazi unxibelelwano phakathi komntu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kufuneka uyazi i-anatomy kunye ne-physiology. Kulapha apho icandelo lolwazi lokuqokelela lonke ulwazi malunga nokwakheka nokusebenza kwangaphakathi komntu ohlobo oluthile. Ngolu lwazi lufunyenweyo, iimpendulo zomzimba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo zinokunxulumana.
indawo
Ubume bendawo yindawo apho iintlobo zikhula khona. Kukwaziwa negama labemi. Ithathela ingqalelo imeko-bume apho uhlobo olunikiweyo lukhula kwaye linoxanduva lokuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko. Nje ukuba sibe nalo lonke ulwazi, lwaphuliwe phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinefuthe kwindalo enkulu okanye encinci. Umzekelo, kukho iintlobo ezichaphazeleka ngakumbi ngokwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu, ubungakanani bokukhanya, imvula, njl. Ubukho bemizimba yamanzi amatsha okanye anetyuwa, uhlobo lomhlaba apho lukhula khona, njl. Banako ukumisa imeko eziguquguqukayo kuphuhliso lweentlobo.
I-Autoecology kunye nohlengahlengiso
I-Autoecology ikwanoxanduva lokuhlalutya ukuba loluphi uhlengahlengiso lwendalo ukuze luphile ngokusisigxina. Izama ukuseka le fomu kwimisebenzi yezilwanyana eziphantsi kophononongo lwenzululwazi yemvelo kunye nendawo ehlala kuyo. Ukwenza oku, ukuseka ubudlelwane obukhoyo kunye nokusikelwa umda kokusingqongileyo kunye nokumila kweentlobo kubalulekile. Uninzi lweempawu ze-morphological okanye imisebenzi yangaphakathi yokuba uhlobo luye lwamodareyithwa ngenxa yendawo ezihlala kuyo. Olu luhlu kunye nokuziqhelanisa ne Ukutshintsha kweemeko zokusingqongileyo kwaziwa njengokhetho lwendalo.
Ukhetho lwendalo luphethe ukukhuthaza ukuba ngabantu kuphela abanomlinganiswa abanokuphinda bavelise. Kuluncedo ukukwazi ukujongana neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Sithetha ngeemeko ezihlala zitshintsha kwaye ekufuneka zilungisiwe. Okwangoku, kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo njengoko kufanele ngokwendalo. Sithetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu. Utshintsho lwemozulu luza kuzisa iziphumo ezinje ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ubukho bembalela enkulu kunye nezikhukula, utshintsho kwi-phenology yohlobo, njl. Ujongene nolu tshintsho, imeko-bume yangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo kufuneka ilungelelane
Umzekelo wokuziqhelanisa unokuba ngumzimba onamafutha atyebileyo kunesiqhelo ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nemeko ezinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Njengomphumo wazo zonke ezi zifundo, iseti yokuhlengahlengiswa kohlobo luyaziwa kwaye ubudlelwane enabo nemeko yendalo esingqongileyo. Ngokunjalo, ukuphakama kokwahluka kwale miqathango kusekwe, ezichaza indawo yokuhlala yoluhlobo.
Umjikelo wobomi kunye nokwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka kokusingqongileyo
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-autoecology kukuchaza unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi komjikelo wobomi bezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwahluka kwendalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba, unyaka wonke, kukho umahluko ongaphantsi okanye ongabalulekanga ophawuleka ngokwamaxesha onyaka achaziweyo. Ixesha lexesha liya kwahluka kumacandelo ahlukeneyo obomi beentlobo. Umzekelo, inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezingekho ngaphezulu konyaka ubudala ziphenjelelwa ngamandla lixesha lonyaka.
Omnye umzekelo unokubonwa kakuhle kwimimandla eshushu. Kwezi ndawo sinexesha lonyaka eli-4, ngelixa kwiindawo ezishisayo zimbini kuphela ixesha lonyaka. Umjikelo wobomi beentlobo kwezi ndawo inokuvelisa imikhwa eyahlukeneyo njengokutya kwayo, ukukhwelana kunye nokunye.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-autoecology kunye nezifundo zayo.