Esinye sezilwanyana zasemanzini esibonakala ngokuveza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-morphological ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo apho lifunyenwe khona cnidarians. Ezi zizilwanyana ezinako ukuguqula iifom zazo ngokuxhomekeke kwizigaba zobomi bazo. Apha ibandakanyiwe kwiqela le-jellyfish kunye neekorale ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzinzo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nolwandle.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, umjikelo wobomi kunye neentlobo ze-cnidarians.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-cnidarians
IiCnidarians zizinto eziphila emanzini, uninzi lwazo lolwandle olwenza i-phylum Cnidaria. Ngaphakathi kulo mda kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10.000. Zizilwanyana zakudala kuba bekwazile ukufumana iifosili ezithile zexesha le-Ordovician. IJellyfish ziifom zobomi zakudala, kodwa ziye zakwazi ukuphuhlisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ukuze zisinde namhlanje.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili ze-cnidarians. Zizinto eziphilayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wenziwe ngamacandelo embryonic eeseli. Kwelinye icala, sine-ectoderm kwelinye icala i-endoderm. Ziyaziwa ngamagama e-epidermis kunye ne-gastrodermis. Into ye-gelatinous ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-mesoglea. I-mesoglea ibonakala ngokukodwa kwi-jellyfish, kuba iyabonakala.
Uninzi lwezi zinto zinolungelelwaniso olubonakalayo elenza ukuba amalungu alo alungiswe macala onke. Zizinto ezizidlayo ezitya ikakhulu ii-crustaceans, nangona zikhona ezinye iintlobo ze-omnivorous. Isisu sesisu se-cnidarians sidityaniswe ngaphandle ngomlomo ojikelezwe ziintsika. Ezi ntente zisetyenziselwa ukubamba amaxhoba azo okanye ukuzikhusela ekuhlaselweni ngamarhamncwa.
Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwale phylum ziikorale. Kule meko, babonisa ubulembu obenza ifotosinthesisi kwaye bayinike ikhabhoni eyimfuneko. Uninzi lwezi zinto zinemijikelezo entsonkothileyo yokuzala. Kungenxa yoko le nto benza i-morphologies eyahlukeneyo kuwo onke la manqanaba. Babandakanya amanqanaba athile apho bazala khona nge-asexual kunye nabanye apho bavelisa khona ngokwesondo. Okokugqibela kwenzeka ngokuzala apho bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini bekhupha iigametes zabo. Benza kwikholamu yamanzi kwaye badibanise ukuvelisa izibungu ezincinci.
Inkcazo yee-cnidarians
Ezi zinto ziphilayo zinobomi obuguquke kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweentlobo esithetha ngazo, ulindelo lobomi obahlukileyo kakhulu lunokwenzeka. Ezo ziluhlobo lwepolyp zihlala kuphela malunga ne-10, ngelixa ezinye iintlanti ezibekwe kwiingqaqa zinokuphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-4.000. Uphawu olubenza baphile ixesha elide kukuba banokuyihlaziya imizimba yabo.
I-Cnidarians ayinanto ekhethekileyo yokuphefumula kunye nezitho zokuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, banenkqubo yovalo ebanceda ukuba babone yonke into ejikeleze bona. Enye yeempawu eziphambili ezimelwe ngulo mda ziiseli zayo ezihlabayo. Ziyaziwa ngegama le-cnidocytes kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuzondla nokuzikhusela. Xa i-cnidocyte ifumana uthotho lweekhemikhali okanye izinto ezenziwa ngoomatshini, zilungiswa ngaphezulu kwaye intambo elayishwe izinto eziyityhefu iyadutyulwa. Ifilament ayinakuphinda isebenze, ke unokuyisebenzisa kube kanye.
Umngxunya wokugaya ukutya ubizwa ngokuba yisela. Apha ecaleni kwesisu kukho isisu, umqala kunye namathumbu. Zombini ii-cnidarians ezihambayo kunye nezinye ezingasasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanakushukuma kwaye banamathele kwi-substrate yobomi bonke.
Iindidi zeecnidarians
Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na ukwahlulwa okuphambili ezi eziphilayo. Kukho iindidi ezi-4 zeklasi ze-cnidarians: IHydrozoa, iCubozoa, iSypyphozoa, kunye neAnthozoa.
Iklasi yeHydrozoa
Apha sifumana amarhamncwa amancinci amaninzi. Ihlala ikakhulu emanzini acocekileyo nakwiindawo zaselwandle. Bavelisa iiqokobhe ze-calcite ukuzikhusela kwaye bahlala bodwa okanye kwiikholoni. Bane-mesoglea engeyoyeselula kwaye abanazo iintambo kwisisu esiswini. Kananjalo abanaso isisu, uninzi lobomi babo banohlobo lwepolyp, nangona ezinye iintlobo zinesigaba sejellyfish.
Iklasi yeCubozoa
Zibizwa ngokuba yi-cube-jellyfish. Banenkqubo yovalo yakudala namehlo amancinci. I-morphology yayo iyimpawu yokuba yimilo yecube, kungoko igama layo. Ukulunywa kwabo kunokuba yingozi ebantwini kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Kuba banobomi obude noko, banokuphinda bavelise ngokwesondo okanye ngokwesondo.
Iklasi yeSypyphozoa
Iklasi leyo ibandakanya into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-jellyfish eyinyani. Zizinto zonke ezihlala elwandle. Banesigaba esifutshane apho zinee-polyps kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kwi-substrate, ngelixa bonke ubomi babo buchazwa njengejellyfish. Inkulu kunejellyfish yeehydrozoans. Ezinye iisampulu zinokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-2 ubude. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba babe nobude phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-40 yeesentimitha ezilishumi elinanye.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili sineselfowuni i-mesoglea kunye neethente kumgangatho wegraphic. Ixesha elithatyathwa sisigaba ngasinye liyahluka. Kukho ezinye ezinobomi obude, ngelixa ezinye zingabikho.
Iklasi yeAnthozoa
Oku kubandakanya ii-anemones, iikorale kunye neentsiba zolwandle. Lelona klasi likhulu kulo mgca wonke wezilwanyana. Ineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-6.000 ezaziwayo kunye neefosili ezininzi. Zifumaneka kuzo zonke iilwandle kunye nobunzulu obukhulu. Zibonisa kuphela ukwenza i-polyp kwaye zihlala zodwa kwaye zenze iikholoni. Zenziwe njengekholamu yomqolo kwaye zinokuphela kwe-aboral apho zinokuthi ziqhotyoshelwe khona kwi-substrate kunye nesiphelo somlomo apho zibeka khona umlomo wazo ojikelezwe ziintsika. Ezi zilwanyana zibonakala kwi-septa epheleleyo okanye engaphelelanga okanye i-mesenteries enceda ukonyusa umphezulu wokufunxa ukuze ukwazi ukwetyisa ukutya okuninzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-cnidarians kunye neempawu zabo.