Xa sisebenzisa amanzi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi okanye ukusetyenziswa, iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ziyatshintshwa. La manzi aqukethe imichiza kunye nezinto zebhayiloji ithathwa njenge amanzi amdaka. Amanzi amdaka ngala anesixa esikhulu semichiza okanye izinto zebhayoloji eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu zamanzi amdaka kunye nonyango lwawo.
Yintoni amanzi amdaka
Sibiza amanzi amdaka kuwo onke loo manzi anemvelaphi eyahlukileyo kwaye athe asetyenziswa ngabantu ngandlela thile. Olu qhinga kubangele utshintsho kwiimpawu zamanzi kunye neekhemikhali kunye nezinto zebhayoloji. Nokuba avelaphi amanzi, nokuba ngowasekhaya, owemizi-mveliso, owemfuyo, owezolimo okanye owokuzonwabisa, onke amanzi asetyenzisiweyo nangalungelanga ukutyiwa ngabantu, athathwa njengamanzi amdaka.
Imvelaphi kunye neentlobo
Siza kujongana nemvelaphi yamanzi amdaka. La manzi siwakhankanyileyo anokuba aneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Imvelaphi nganye kwezi iya kuthi ichonge iimpawu ezinokuba namanzi. Amanzi amdaka ahlelwa kwezi mvelaphi zilandelayo:
- Amanzi amdaka asekhaya: Ngamanzi ashiyekileyo awona mpawu yawo iphambili kukuba yinkunkuma engamanzi evela kumakhaya, kwiindawo zokuhlala, kumaziko orhwebo nakwiziko. Amanzi esiwasebenzisayo ukuhlamba kamva athathwa njengamanzi amdaka. La manzi anemikhondo yebhaktiriya yethu, yoluntu esinalo kunye neekhemikhali ezinjengesepha okanye ishampu esisebenzise ngayo ukuhlamba.
- Amanzi amnyama: Amanzi amnyama ngalawo ahanjiswa emva kokuba esetyenziswe kwindlu yangasese.
- Amanzi amdaka: Lawa ngamanzi anesepha aqukethe amanqatha avela kwishawari, indawo yokuhlamba impahla, igumbi lokuhlamba kunye nomatshini wokuhlamba.
- Amanzi amdaka kaMasipala okanye asezidolophini: Ngawo amanzi awona mpawu yawo iphambili kukuba yinkunkuma engamanzi evela kwindibano yasezidolophini. Kule ndawo apho imisebenzi yasekhaya nakwimizi-mveliso yenzeka khona. La manzi ahanjiswa ngothungelwano lwelindle phantsi komhlaba sonke isixeko. Eyona njongo iphambili kukukhokelela la manzi kwindawo yonyango.
- Amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso: zezo zibonakaliswa ngokuba nenkunkuma engamanzi evela kwiindawo zoshishino. Banokuba yimfuyo okanye imvelaphi yezolimo. La manzi kufuneka aphathwe njengoko enomxholo ophezulu weekhemikhali kunye nezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
- Amanzi emvula: Olu hlobo lwamanzi aluthathelwa ingqalelo njengamanzi amdaka kodwa luneempawu ezithile ezenza ukuba kube nzima ebantwini ukuwasebenzisa. Zivela kumanzi abalekayo emvuleni kwaye zihla zaya eluphahleni, ezitalatweni, egadini nakumhlaba ngomkhamo othile. Ngaphakathi kwala manzi sifumana izinto ezingcolisayo ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi okutsala inkunkuma kunye nentsalela yezinto eziqokelelweyo kumphezulu wezixeko. Amanzi emvula ayingawo amanzi amdaka ngolo hlobo, kodwa endaweni yoko amanzi athabatha onke amasuntswana agcinwe kumphezulu wesixeko kwaye angcoliseka yile nkqubo.
- Inkunkuma yolwelo mveliso: Ngamanzi abonakala ngokuba nemvelaphi yemizi-mveliso. Ubume bayo bunokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yemveliso apho ivela khona. Nokuba kukwinkqubo efanayo yemizi-mveliso kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ezinokwenza ukuba ulwelo lube nezinto ezahlukeneyo zemichiza okanye zebhayoloji.
- Amanzi amdaka ezolimo: zezo zibonakaliswa kukuvela phezulu kwemvula kodwa oko kutsalwa yimimandla yezolimo. Kuba ezolimo zale mihla zisebenzisa isixa esikhulu semithi yokubulala izitshabalalisi, izichumisi ze nitrogen, iityiwa nezinye izinto zekhemikhali, la manzi amdaka aqukethe izixa ezikhulu zezinto ezixhonyiweyo kunye neekhemikhali eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
Iimpawu zemvelo zamanzi amdaka
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zomzimba wamanzi amdaka kunye neekhemikhali. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, amanzi amdaka anokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi kunye nenkqubo eyenzileyo. Kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi, kuya kubakho ulawulo olwaneleyo lokucocwa kwamanzi. Into yokuqala kukwenza uphawu lwamanzi. Le nkqubo yile ibonisa ukuba loluphi unyango ekufuneka lusetyenzisiwe kwaye zeziphi iindlela ezifanelekileyo zamanzi.
Ukuseka iimpawu zamanzi amdaka, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo:
- Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo: iinkuni eziphilayo licandelo elifanelekileyo lezinto ezingcolisayo kumanzi amdaka asekhaya nakamasipala. Ngokwesiqhelo la manzi anomxholo ophakamileyo wezinto eziphilayo kuba ingunobangela wokupheliswa kweoksijini emzimbeni wamanzi. Kuyaziwa ukuba la manzi angcolisekile kunye nemvelaphi yasekhaya ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini kuwo. Izinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, i-oksijini, i-nitrogen kunye nesulfure. Ikwenziwe ngeeproteni ezivela kwizilwanyana nakwintsalela yezityalo. Enye yeemeko ezingcolisa amanzi ngamafutha avela ekhitshini nakwimizi-mveliso. Ezona mpembelelo zinkulu zala manzi zi-surfactants ezivela kwizicoci.
- I-oxygen echithakeleyo: yenye yeeparameter ebalulekileyo ekufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuhlalutya amanzi amdaka. Ioksijini isetyenziswa njengesalathiso songcoliseko lwamanzi.
- Imfuno ye-Oxygen Oxygen: Amanzi ngumlinganiso ongangqalanga wobungakanani bezinto eziphilayo eziqulathiweyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwazi ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini ezenziwa zii-microorganisms zokwenza ukunciphisa izinto ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ezikhoyo emanzini.
- Imfuno yeoksijini yemichiza: lelinye inyathelo elingathanga ngqo lobungakanani bezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili, olu vavanyo lusebenzisa i-oxidant eyomeleleyo kwindawo ephakathi ye-asidi endaweni yeentsholongwane.
- I ziqhamoIzinto eziphilayo zihlala zikwimo yezinto eziqinileyo. Iziphumo zinokumiswa okanye zichithwe. Unokufumana kwakhona izinto eziqinileyo ezinokulungiswa okanye ezingafunekiyo.
- Amandla e-HydrogenNgumahluko olawula iinkqubo zebhayoloji zokucoca amanzi amdaka.
- Initrojeni: Lelona candelo liphambili leeproteni kwaye sisondlo esibalulekileyo se-algae kunye neebhaktiriya ezihlala ekuhlanjululeni amanzi amdaka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namanzi amdaka kunye nonyango lwawo.