Namhlanje amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini asebenzisa igesi yendalo. Le gesi ikhula ngokuqhubekayo kwihlabathi kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula ngakumbi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu isetyenziswa kwilizwe lekhemistri. Imalunga nexabiso lekhalori. Le yiparameter esetyenziselwa ukumisela umgangatho wegesi yendalo. Ndiyabulela koku, iindleko zerhasi ezifunekayo kwisenzo esithile kwaye, ke, iindleko zayo zoqoqosho zinokuncitshiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, yintoni ixabiso le-calorific? Kule posi ungafunda yonke into ngexabiso le-calorific, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ufunde i-seguir
Inkcazo yexabiso lekhalori
Ixabiso le-calorific yegesi ubungakanani bamandla ngeyunithi ngobunzima okanye umthamo okhutshwa kwi-oxidation epheleleyo. Le oxidation ayaziwa ngentsimbi. Kuqhelekile xa usiva i-chemistry ethile ukuba ucinge nge-oxidation. Ukuxhonywa ngumxholo obhekisa ekulahlekelweni kwee-elektroni kwinto ethile. Xa oku kusenzeka, intlawulo yayo elungileyo iyonyuka kwaye kuthiwa iyayidibanisa. Le oxidation ekhankanyiweyo yenzeka kwinkqubo yokutsha.
Xa sitshisa igesi yendalo sifumana amandla okwenza umbane, ukufudumeza amanzi, njl. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ubungakanani bamandla igesi ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iyunithi nganye yobunzima okanye ivolumu ukumisela umgangatho wayo. Ngokutsho ukuphakama kwexabiso lalo calorific, inani elincinci wegesi esiza kuyisebenzisa. Kule ndawo kuhlala ukubaluleka komgangatho wegesi ngokunxulumene neendleko zoqoqosho.
Iiyunithi ezahlukileyo zemilinganiselo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ixabiso lekhalori. I-Kilojoules kunye nee-kilocalories zisetyenziselwa ubunzima kunye nomthamo. Njengasekutyeni, apha kwiigesi kukwakho neekhilokhyori. Ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwamandla akhutshwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcwala. Xa kufikwa kubunzima, kubalwa kwiikhilojoule ngekhilo (kJ / Kg) okanye kwi-kilocalorie ngekhilo (kcal / kg). Ukuba sibhekisa kumthamo, siya kuthetha ngeekilojoule nge-cubic meter nganye (kJ / m3) okanye i-kilocalorie nge-cubic meter nganye (kcal / m3).
Ixabiso eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi lekhalori
Xa sithetha ithiyori, ixabiso lekhalori legesi lihlukile kwaye lihlala lihleli. Nangona kunjalo, xa kufikwa ekusebenziseni sinokufumana ezinye iinkcazo ezimbini. Enye ibhekisa ukuya kwixabiso eliphezulu le-calorific kunye nelinye ukuya kwelisezantsi. Eyokuqala ithathela ingqalelo ukuba umphunga wamanzi oveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha utshitshisiwe. Oku kuthathela ingqalelo ubushushu obuveliswa yirhasi kutshintsho lwesigaba.
Ukuthatha ukuba zonke izinto ezibandakanyeka emlilweni zithathwa ngedigri zero. Ukuze kwenzeke umlilo kufuneka kubekho umoya kwaye loo moya unika namandla. Ke ngoko, ukuba zombini izinto ezenziwayo kunye neemveliso ezithatha inxaxheba emlilweni ziziswe kwiidigri zero ngaphambi nasemva, umphunga wamanzi uya kuncitshiswa ngokupheleleyo. Lo mphunga wamanzi uvela kubumanzi obufumaneka kumafutha nakumswakama owenziwa xa i-hydrogen ekwipetroli yongeza amandla.
Kwelinye icala, ixabiso elisezantsi lekhalori ayithathi amandla ekhutshwa lutshintsho lwesigaba segesi. Ijonga ukuba umphunga wamanzi okwiigesi awudibani. Ngokungatshintshi isigaba, ayikhuphi mandla kwaye akukho galelo longezelelweyo. Kule meko, kukho kuphela igalelo lamandla kwi-oxidation ye-fuel.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso
Xa kuziwa kwinyani kwimveliso yemveliso yamandla, lixabiso elisezantsi lekhalori elinomdla omkhulu. Kungenxa yokuba iigesi ezivuthayo zihlala zikwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunokubuyisa umphunga wamanzi. Ke ngoko, amandla ngenxa yotshintsho lwesigaba serhasi awuthathelwa ngqalelo.
Ngokumela amandla igesi ekwaziyo ukukhupha ngexesha le-oxidation yayo, sinokwazi nomgangatho wegesi. Ixabiso elingaphezulu kwekhalori yegesi, ubuncinci esiza kuyidinga. Kwimizi-mveliso kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ezi zinto. Ukuphakama komgangatho wegesi, kokuhla iindleko zokuvelisa. Ukuzinza okuzinzileyo kwexabiso legesi, zitshiphu ziya kuba ziindleko zokusebenza.
Amanyathelo kunye nolawulo olwenziwa kule misebenzi luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lwenkampani eyenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba yeyiphi na inkampani (igesi yendalo, idama, okanye ii-biogas) bayilawula ngokupheleleyo le parameter. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini anje ngetsimbi, iifektri zeglasi, izityalo zesamente, izinto zokucoca, amandla ombane kunye nepetrochemicals.
Imilinganiselo yohlalutyo
Siphawule ukuba ixabiso lekhalori yiparameter ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye amashishini aneendlela zokuyilinganisa nokuyilawula. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa ixabiso legesi. Eyona indala neyaziwa kakhulu yile ibhombu yekalori.
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukwazisa irhasi kwisikhongozeli esitywinwe ngokuthambileyo esinevolumu rhoqo. Isikhongozeli kufuneka sibekelwe bucala kwezinye izinto okanye kulungelelwaniso olunokwenzeka kumlinganiso. Nje ukuba irhasi ingeniswe, kusetyenziswe intlantsi ukutshisa irhasi. Ithemometha ibekwe ukulinganisa ubushushu. Ngolu tshintsho kwixabiso lobushushu siza kulinganisa ubushushu obukhutshwe kukusabela kwe-oxidation.
Nangona le ndlela ichanekile kakhulu, iphela itya yonke igesi xa isitsha. Ngapha koko, ithathwa njengemilinganiselo yokuyekisa indlela. Ke ngoko, le ndlela ayisetyenziswanga kumashishini amakhulu asebenzisa igesi.
Imilinganiselo eqhubekayo yale gesi yenziwa nge-chromatography yegesi kwi-Intanethi. Oku kubandakanya ukwahlulahlulahlula iisampulu zerhasi kwikholamu ye-chromatographic. Ngokwesiqhelo ityhubhu ye-capillary apho kukho isigaba esimileyo kwaye sazisa igesi, eyinqanaba elihambahambayo. Izinto zerhasi zigcinwa ngokudlula kwinqanaba lokuma, ezahlukeneyo ixesha lokuxhathisa ngokuxhomekeka kubunzima beemolekyuli. Ezantsi ubunzima beemolekyuli, lifutshane ixesha lokuchithwa, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Njengoko iigesi ziphuma kwikholam, zidibana nesikhethi esikhethiweyo sehydrocarbon. Basebenza ngokuqhutywa kwe-thermal.
Xa sihlalutya iziphumo, chromatogram ifunyenwe. Ayisiyonto eyodlula igrafu apho kubonisiwe ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti ye-hydrocarbon nganye kwigesi esiyihlalutyileyo. Ngolu lwazi, ixabiso lekhalori linokubalwa kamva.
Sele uyazi enye into malunga namandla wekhalori kunye nokubaluleka kwayo xa uvelisa irhasi yendalo okanye ezinye iigesi.