Umbane yiseti yeziganeko ezibonakalayo ezivela kubukho kunye nokuhamba kweentlawulo zombane. Umbane yisiphumo sokubunjwa kwezinto kwaye, ngokuchanekileyo, ubukho be-electrons: iincinci ze-subatomic ezinentlawulo yombane, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintlawulo embi. Sidla ngokubhekisa kwi amandla kagesi njengombane, nangona azifani ncam.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga namandla ombane yedwa, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.
yintoni amandla ombane
Amandla ombane ngamandla aveliswa kukushukuma kwee-electron ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ezithile. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka ziqhube ukwenza inkqubo ngokuchanekileyo, njengeingcingo zobhedu.
Uhambo lwamandla ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuqhuba luvelisa into esiyaziyo njengombane, umbane, into eyinxalenye yobomi bethu kwaye ikhona nakwindalo.
Imbali yamandla ombane
Imbali yamandla ombane ibhaliwe ukususela ngaphambi kukaKristu ukuze namhlanje sinokunandipha ukukhanya kweendawo kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane okanye izixhobo. Noko ke, kwada kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX apho kwaqalisa ukuvela izinto zokuqala eziyilwe.
Ezi ziqalo zenziwe ngabalinganiswa abohlukeneyo omele ukuba ufunde ngabo, njengaye UAlessandro Walter, uCharles-Augustine de Coulomb okanye uAndre-Marie Ampere.
Inkulungwane ye-XNUMX yayisisiseko kwinqanaba lentlalontle kunye nenzululwazi ukususela oko uphando lwaqala malunga neenzuzo zala mandla. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, umbane wawufikelela ezindlwini, kuquka nezinye zezixhobo ezisebenza ngawo, njengonomathotholo okanye iimfonomfono.
Umbane njengamandla ahlaziyekayo
Umbane luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, enyanisweni, afumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kwindalo. Umzekelo wayo Zizaqhwithi zombane, iziganeko zemeteorological ezivelisa ukukhutshwa kombane.
Ezinye iintlobo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ezifana nomoya okanye i-hydro, zisetyenziselwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuvelisa umbane, ngoko kwakhona sibona ukubaluleka kombane kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo.
Ukuba sisebenzisa amandla amaninzi nangaphezulu, siya kukwazi ukunyamekela iplanethi kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisisiseko kwizigidi zabantu ngokusebenzisa la mandla acocekileyo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kukuzibophelela okufuneka kuthathwe yimibutho enobuchule kunye namaziko elizwe ngalinye, ngakumbi ukuba i-SDGs iza kufezekiswa.
Uncedo lwamandla ombane
Ukufika kombane kuzise izibonelelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, esabelana ngazo ngezantsi:
Uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe
Umbane yinjini yeenkqubela phambili ezininzi kwezobuchwepheshe nezenzululwazi ezenzeke kwiinkulungwane zamva nje. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezi ziqalo zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje, ngoko Ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu.
Ukuzalwa kweendaba
Iindlela eziphambili zonxibelelwano nazo zazalwa kumbane, apho namhlanje zonke iinxalenye ezenza izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukusasaza iinkqubo zethu zeTV kunye nerediyo esizithandayo.
Kwakhona, ngenxa yombane wanamhlanje, sinazo ezi zixhobo emakhayeni ethu kwaye sizisebenzisa ngexesha lethu lokuzonwabisa.
Ukufika kokukhanya okwenziweyo
Ngenxa yamandla ombane anamhla, sineebhalbhu ezisebenzayo kunye nezibane emakhayeni ethu, eziofisini, ezikolweni kunye nezibane zoluntu ngokubanzi. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, le yenye yeenzuzo eziphambili zombane esizonwabelayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Kulula ukuthutha
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, umbane unokuhanjiswa ngokulula ngeentambo. Kwakhona, ezi ntambo zingenza nantoni na eziyifunayo, ukuze bakwazi ukondla amawaka abantu kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo.
Indleko ephantsi
Ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe ohlala kulo, ixabiso lenkonzo yombane linokuba liphantsi, ngoko ke ukufikeleleka kwayo yenye yeenzuzo zayo eziphambili.
Iingxaki
Umbane, kunye nezinye iintlobo zamandla, nazo zinemiqobo enokuba yingozi kubomi bomntu:
- Ngexesha lokusilela kobonelelo lombane olufana nokucinywa kombane okunokuthi kuchaphazele abantu abaninzi kwindawo ethile.
- Umbane uvelisa izithintelo zombane kwaye unokubangela ukutsha okanye iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, ezinjengokufa, ngokudibana nomntu.
- Kuyabiza ukuvelisa. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungabizi kakhulu (kuxhomekeke kwingingqi yakho), ukuvelisa umbane kuthetha utyalo-mali oluphezulu.
Nangona ezi zinto zingalunganga kunye neengozi ezinokubangelwa amandla ombane, yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kwaye ziphuhlisiwe imithombo yamandla namhlanje ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kuwo onke amacandelo.
Iindidi zamandla ombane
Ngala mandla, sinokwahlula phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zombane okanye iintlobo zamandla ombane:
- Umbane ongatshintshiyo: Kwenzeka xa izinto ezimbini ezihlawuliswa ngokungathathi hlangothi zidibana, oko kukuthi, ii-athomu zazo zinenani elifanayo leentlawulo ezilungileyo (iiprotoni) njengeentlawulo ezimbi (negative). Ngokwahlula ezi zixhobo, banokuzuza okanye baphulukane neentlawulo ezimbi (i-electron). Oku kungalingani kulwabiwo lwentlawulo yinto eyenza indawo ye-electrostatic.
- Inamandla: kuthetha ukuba kukho ukuhamba rhoqo kwee-electron ngenxa yomthombo osisigxina wombane.
- Umbane: Iyenzeka kwimimandla ye-electromagnetic, apho amaza ombane kunye nemagnethi ahamba esithubeni ngesantya sokukhanya.
Nantsi eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane:
- Izibane kumaziko asezidolophini: Umbane uyasivumela ukuba sikhanyise iidolophu zethu. Ngaloo nto engqondweni, unokuzibuza ukuba ungawagcina njani amandla ekhaya.
- Ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kweBaterías-Ezi bhetri ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwizixhobo ezinje ngeselfowuni okanye iilaptops, kwaye xa sele ziphelile kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kubonelelo lwamandla ukuze lutshaje.
- Ukufudumeza kombane: Le misebenzi izuza kwiinkqubo zokuxhathisa umbane, ezingangcolisi kancinci kuneendlela zokufudumeza ezisebenzisa izinto ezinokutsha, kodwa zifuna umbane omninzi.
- Umbane: Umbane ngumzekelo wendalo yendalo yamandla ombane.
- Izixhobo ezisebenzayo: Nasiphi na isixhobo esidinga ukuqhagamshelwa kwinethiwekhi yombane; oomatshini bokuhlamba, oomabonwakude, ii-microwaves, njl.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namandla ombane, iimpawu zayo kunye neentlobo.