Kwihlabathi esiphila kulo namhlanje, ukuveliswa kwamandla kuyimfuneko kakhulu, ke ngoko sinokuthembela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla. Nangona kunjalo, abantu baphuhlisa ngamandla izibonelelo ezimbalwa ezinokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingavuselelekiyo. Oku kungenxa yolwazi olungelulo olona lubalaseleyo lokuvelisa ezinye iintlobo zamandla kunye nokusilela kotyalomali kubuchwephesha obuyimfuneko kwinkqubela phambili. Sithetha ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. Enye yazo yi amandla olwandle ashukumisayo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neempawu kunye nokubaluleka kwamandla ashukumisayo olwandle.
Iparadigm yamandla
Ioyile ngoku ngowona mthombo wamandla kwaye sinokuyisebenzisa ukwenza izibaso kunye nezinto ezincedayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, inengxaki enkulu: sisibonelelo esingavuselelekiyo. Ifunyenwe kwizidalwa ezindala kakhulu, apho iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zaziphila kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo okanye nangaphezulu. Ngesi sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kufumana ingqalelo enkulu phakathi kwezazinzulu ezaziwayo, iinjineli kunye neenkampani.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo ngamandla afunyanwa kwizixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokulula kwaye zingaphelelwa ngenxa yophuhliso oluqhubekayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo emhlabeni ezinokuvelisa amandla acocekileyo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokungcolisa inkunkuma okanye iindleko eziphezulu.
Inketho enomdla kukuhamba kwamaza, anokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba kwamaza ukwenza umbane ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nehlaziyekayo. Njengawo nawuphi na amandla, ifuna uhlobo oluthile lobuchwephesha kunye nenye yeendlela zokuyifumana.
Amandla olwandle
Ngokungazisebenzisi izinto zefosili okanye ukuvelisa iigesi ezifaka igalelo kwisiphumo sokugcina, ithathwa njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo. Izibonelelo zalo zibandakanya ukubonelelwa okuqikelelweyo nokukhuselekileyo kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zingatshintshi kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kuphela kwimijikelo yamaza kunye nemisinga.
Ukufakwa kolu hlobo lwamandla lwenziwa ngaphakathi imilambo enzulu, imilomo, amachweba kunye nolwandle usebenzisa imisinga yolwandle. Abathathi-nxaxheba kule nto lilanga, inyanga nomhlaba. Inyanga yeyona ibalulekileyo kwesi senzo kuba yiyo evelisa umtsalane. Inyanga kunye nomhlaba zinamandla okwenza izinto zitsale kubo: lo mxhuzulane ubangela ukuba inyanga nomhlaba zitsalelane zize zizidibanise.
Kuba ukusondela kobunzima, kokukhona umandla womxhuzulane, ukutsala kwenyanga usiya emhlabeni womelele kweyona ndawo ikufutshane kunakwindawo ethe qelele. Ukutsalwa okungalinganiyo kwenyanga emhlabeni ngunobangela wamaza olwandle. Kuba umhlaba uqinile, umtsalane wenyanga unefuthe elikhulu emanzini kunakwilizwekazi, ke amanzi aya kutshintsha kakhulu kuxhomekeka kufutshane nenyanga.
Kukho iindlela ezi-3 zokuveliswa kwamandla. Siza kuchaza ezimbini zokuqala ngasentla kwaye sigxile kwenye yazo ngokunzulu.
Amandla omsinga wamaza
Ezi ziindlela ezimbini zokuqala zamandla omoya:
- Ijenereyitha yangoku yeTidal: Iijenereyitha zangoku zamanzi zisebenzisa amandla e-kinetic amanzi aqukuqelayo ukuqhuba oomatshini bomoya, ngokufanayo nomoya (umoya obalekayo) osetyenziswa ziinjini zomoya. Xa kuthelekiswa namadama amaza, le ndlela ayibizi kakhulu kwaye inefuthe elincinci kwindalo, yiyo loo nto isiba sithandwa ngakumbi nangakumbi.
- Idama lamanzi: Amadama eTidal asebenzisa amandla anokubakho okhoyo umahluko kubude (okanye ukulahleka kwentloko) phakathi komsinga wamanzi aphezulu kunye nomsinga ophantsi. Idama lilidama kwelinye icala lomlambo, lichaphazeleka lixabiso eliphezulu leziseko zophuhliso, ukunqongophala kweendawo ezikhoyo kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo.
Kwaye ngoku siza kuchaza uhlobo lwesizukulwana ngamandla ashukumisayo olwandle. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ithiyori esebenzisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwamandla e-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho kumaza olwandle. Kucetywa ukuba kwakhiwe amadama amade kakhulu (umzekelo, i-30 ukuya kwi-50 yeekhilomitha ubude) ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya elwandle okanye elwandle, ngaphandle kokucanda indawo. Idama lazisa umohluko wamaza olwandle, obangela umohluko obonakalayo wamanqanaba amanzi (ubuncinci i-2-3 yeemitha) kwimilambo engekho nzulu apho amaza ajikeleza ngokuhambelana nonxweme, afana nalawo afunyanwa e-United Kingdom, China nase-South Korea. Ukuveliswa kwamandla kwidama ngalinye kuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-17 GW.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kumandla olwandle ashukumayo
Uncedo lwale mandla kukuba akukho nto inokusetyenziswa eluhlaza kwaphela, njengoko umsinga ungenasiphelo kwaye awunakuphela ebantwini. Oku kwenza amandla olwandle amandla angenakuphela kunye nohlaziyo lwezoqoqosho. Kwelinye icala, ayivelisi imichiza okanye ityhefu, kwaye ukupheliswa kwayo akufuneki mzamo ungaphezulu, njengeplutonium enemitha eveliswa ngamandla enyukliya okanye igesi yendlu eluhlaza ekhutshwe kukutshiswa kweehydrocarbon ze-fossil.
Eyona nto iphambili kule fomu yamandla kukusebenza okuncinci. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo inokuba namandla amakhulu amawaka emizi. Nangona kunjalo, utyalomali olukhulu lunalo ifuthe elibi kakhulu kwimbonakalo yomhlaba nakokusingqongileyo kuba i-ecosystem yaselwandle kufuneka ingenelele ngqo. Oku kwenza ubudlelwane phakathi kwexabiso lesityalo esivelisayo, ukonakaliswa kwendalo kunye nomthamo wamandla afumanekayo ungabi nangeniso.
Amandla ombane asetyenziswa njengomthombo wombane kwiidolophu ezincinci okanye kumashishini. Lo mbane unokusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukufudumeza okanye ukwenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kufuneka ndikhumbule ukuba ayizizo zonke iindawo emhlabeni zamaza ezinamandla afanayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namandla ashukumisayo olwandle kunye neempawu zalo.