Ngokuka-CEO we-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-IEA), uFatih Birol: I-Solar photovoltaic yayiqala ngqa ukuba ngumthombo wamandla amatsha akhulayo Ngesantya ngo-2016. I-arhente ichaze idatha "njengeendaba ezilungileyo".
Ekungeniseni ingxelo yakho yonyaka Ukuhlaziywa kwe2017, U-Birol wakhankanya ukuba "emva kokuvavanya zonke iintlobo zepetroli-i-oyile, irhasi, amalahle, izinto ezivuselelekayo- kunye nefuthe lazo kwiimarike zamandla, enye ijolise kwimiboniso evuselelekayo Iindaba ezilungileyo zolu shishino".
Amandla esola
Uhlalutyo luka-2016 luveze ukuba amandla amatsha elanga e-PV (photovoltaic) akhule nge-50% kwaye i-China yayililizwe apho phantse isiqingatha somthamo wayo kubhekiswa kuso. ukwandiswa kwehlabathi. Emva kwebali eliyimpumelelo lokuvuselelwa, sifumana abaqhubi abaphambili: ukuxhasa ngamandla imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, utshilo umphathi.
Xa wayefaka amanqaku asisiseko kwisicatshulwa, uBirol wakrwelela isantya ekhula ngaso iPV yelanga kunyaka ophelileyo, neyathi yakudlula okokuqala ukukhula kweminye imithombo yamandla.
Ngokwengxelo, izinto ezivuselelekayo zibala phantse isibini kwisithathu samandla ombane womhlaba wonke kunyaka ophelileyo, phantse iigigawathi ezili-165, kwaye sizakuqhubeka ukwenza ifuthe elinamandla kwiminyaka ezayo. Isicatshulwa silindele ukonyuka kwamandla ombane angama-2022% ngaphambi kowama-43.
Ngapha koko, amandla elanga, athe abiza kancinci kunyaka ophelileyo ngaphezulu kwe-75%, sele itshiphu kunalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lombane oluveliswa ngamalahle, ioyile okanye irhasi.
Konke oku kuhle, kodwa akwanele. Ukuba amandla elanga afuna ukuba ngumdlali wehlabathi, kufuneka ubenjalo Inenzuzo ngakumbi kuneminye imithombo yamandla yexesha elifutshane: Okwangoku sele, ukongeza, kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50, amandla elanga ngawona eneji yexabiso liphantsi kuwo onke.
Idabi lamandla yiminyaka engama-20 ngaphambili
Nangona sihlala sijonga amaxabiso emveliso ngokweyure nganye yeekhilowathi, ayiloxabiso elinomdla kakhulu lokwamkelwa yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ubuncinci, kwimeko efana nale ikhoyo ngoku apho izinto ezinokuhlaziywa zingenayo inkxaso-mali yokuhlawula utyalo-mali.
Iinkqubo zamandla ezinezakhiwo ezikhulu kutyalo-mali zenziwa iminyaka eliqela yolindelo, kwanamashumi eminyaka. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ukwamkelwa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kuyacotha: Nje ukuba inyukliya, irhasi, amalahle (okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo) sakhiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba usivale kude kube sekupheleni kobomi baso obuluncedo. Ukuba bekunjalo, ngesiqhelo utyalo-mali alunakufunyanwa, engazukwenzeka ngenxa yeempembelelo ezinkulu phaya.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba sifuna ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha ukuba ubume bemakethi yamandla buza kuguquka njani, kufuneka sijonge ukuba kubiza malini ukuqala amandla onke ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ixesha elincinci neliphakathi lokufumana inzuzo kwizityalo zamandla kubalulekile kwisigqibo sokugqibela sosomashishini kunye nezopolitiko; Okanye, ngamanye amagama, amandla anexabiso eliphantsi ukuvelisa kwaye afuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu kakhulu awusoze wamkelwe.
Amandla elanga anokukhuphisana naye nabani na
Ngokweengxelo ezininzi ezivela ngaphezulu komzimba omnye, kwishishini lamandla: «Amandla elanga angaxhaswanga aqala ukuqhuba amalahle kunye negesi yendalo kwintengiso Ukongeza, iiprojekthi ezintsha zelanga kunye neemarike ezisakhulayo zibiza ixabiso elingaphantsi komoya.
Kwaye, ewe, phantse kumazwe angamashumi amathandathu asakhulayo ixabiso eliphakathi lofakelo lwelanga lifuneka ukuvelisa i-megawatt nganye sele kwehle ukuya kwi-1.650.000 yeedola, ngaphantsi kwe-1.660.000 yeendleko zamandla omoya.
Njengoko sibona kwigrafu yangaphambili, indaleko icacile. Oku kuthetha ukuba amazwe asahlumayo, lawo jikelele ngawona anonyuko olukhulu kwi-CO2.
Bafumene indlela yoku ukuvelisa umbane Ngexabiso lokukhuphisana kwaye ngendlela ehlaziyeke ngokupheleleyo
Iipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngokugqobhoza okuphantsi
Amandla elanga ahlala enengxaki enkulu: ubungakanani bemitha yelanga kunye nemeteorology. Ngeentsuku ezinomoya omninzi, ezinamafu, ezinethayo okanye ezinenkungu, isixa semitha yelanga ehlasela iiphaneli zelanga sincinci. Ke ngoko, inani lamandla elikwipaneli yelanga elikwaziyo ukuvelisa lincinci kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela kukungazinzi kunikezelo lwamandla.
Injongo kukwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza ngokuguqulwa kokukhanya ngokuthe ngqo de ubone ngaphezulu kwimitha yelanga kwakhona kwaye uvelise amandla aneleyo, nangona iimeko zemozulu yenza ukukhanya kube sezantsi.
Izinto ezintsha ezithatha ilanga elininzi
Izinto ezikwaziyo ukufunxa izixa ezikhulu zokukhanya kwelanga ilangatye i-LPP (ngesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgesi "i-phosphorus ehlala ixesha elide") kwaye inokugcina amandla elanga emini ukuze iqokelelwe ebusuku.
Kukukhanya okubonakala ngokuyinxalenye kuphela okunokufakwa kwaye kuguqulwe kube ngumbane, kodwa yi-LPP Ingakwazi ukugcina amandla elanga ukusuka kwindawo engakhange ifunyanwe nakufutshane nokukhanya kwe-infrared. Oko kukuthi, izinto ezinokubamba ukukhanya kwindawo ebanzi enje nge-infrared.
Siyakhumbula ukuba umda wombane wombane obonwa ngabantu ngummandla obonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iintlobo zemitha yee-wavevels kunye nobungqingqwa obufana nemitha ye-infrared.
Ndiyabulela kula mapaneli, isixa esikhulu samandla sinokugcinwa kungekuphela kwilanga elithe ngqo, kodwa neminye imimandla yesibane se-electromagnetic nayo inokuguqulwa ibenamandla ombane.