Ukunikezelwa kweendidi zezithuthi kunye nemithombo yazo yamafutha, bekuhlala kukho ukuthandabuza Yintoni engcolisa ngakumbi idizili okanye ipetroli?. Bekusoloko kusithiwa idizili ingcolisa ngakumbi, nangona kungacaci nokuba yintsomi okanye yinyani.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni engcolisa ngakumbi, idizili okanye ipetroli.
Kutheni iimoto zingcolisa?
Kwimeko yokutsha okufanelekileyo okanye kwe-stoichiometric, oko kukuthi, xa izixa zomoya kunye ne-fuel (i-hydrocarbons) zisabela ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kokugqithisa okanye ukunqongophala kwenye okanye enye, iimveliso zokutsha ngumphunga wamanzi (H2O), initrogen (N2) kunye necarbon dioxide (CO2).
Ngoku, kwezi gesi zintathu, initrogen yiyo yodwa engabangeli ngxaki. Yigesi engathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokutsha, ikhona kuphela ngenxa yokuba iyona nto iphambili yomoya esiwuphefumlayo kwaye ngoko ifunxwa yi-injini. Ngokuphathelele umphunga wamanzi, unokubonakala njengomsi omhlophe ngeentsuku ezibandayo, okanye njengethontsi elincinci lamanzi kumbhobho wakho, kwaye ikwayigesi eluhlaza (ngokuchaseneyo nenkolelo eyaziwayo). Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bayo abunabungozi kakhulu kwaye buxhalabile kunekhabhon diokside, kuba isixa sisonke somphunga wamanzi kwisijikelezi-langa sethu sihlala silingana lonke ixesha, kunye nezinto ezinzima zinokususa ngokukhawuleza umphunga wamanzi amaninzi, imvula okanye ikhephu.
Yintoni engcolisa ngakumbi, idizili okanye ipetroli?
I-diesel kunye nepetroli, amafutha asetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izithuthi kunye noomatshini, banempembelelo enkulu kwindalo engqongileyo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwegesi abayivelisayo, enye ingcolise ngakumbi kunabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi nangakumbi itekhnoloji ehambelana nokusingqongileyo iyaphuhliswa, umzekelo kushishino lweemoto kukubheja kwi-plug-in hybrid kunye nezithuthi zombane ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo.
Kunzima ukutsho ukuba yintoni engcolisa ngakumbi iimoto zedizili okanye zepetroli kuba nganye ingcolisa ngokwahlukileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba sithelekisa iimoto ezimbini ezineempawu ezifanayo, umahluko nje kukuba enye yimoto yedizili kwaye enye yimoto yepetroli, siya kubona ukuba imoto yedizili ikhupha iigram ezimbalwa zecarbon dioxide ngekhilomitha nganye ehanjwayo, kodwa yona ikhupha iigrem ezimbalwa zecarbon dioxide ngekhilomitha. Ukhupha ngaphantsi Kukho izithako eziyingozi ngaphezu kweemoto zedizili. Enye yepetroli.
Nangona kunjalo, Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obutsha bokuhluza kwiinjini zedizili, lo mahluko uye wancitshiswa. Konke kubulela kummiselo omtsha we-Euro 6, owenza ukukhutshwa kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa idizili zifane nezo zolawulo lwepetroli ye-Euro 4.
Ngoko ke kunokutshiwo ukuba iimoto zangoku zepetroli kunye nedizili zingcolisa ngokufanayo, kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kuba iimoto zedizili zikhupha iCO2 encinci kuneemoto zepetroli, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokukhupha ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, nangona zingahlukanga kangako kwiminyaka edlulileyo. . .
Zeziphi izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezikhutshwa ziinjini zedizili nezepetroli?
Sele sitshilo ukuba i-CO2 yenye yezinto ezingcolileyo eziphuma ngexesha lokutsha kwiinjini ezisebenzisa la mafutha e-fossil, ngoko ke ziziphi iigesi ezingcolileyo ezikhutshwa yi-diesel kunye neenjini zepetroli?
Iigesi ezingcolisayo ezisuka kwizithuthi zedizili:
- initrogen
- ikharbon diokside
- amanzi
- ioksijini
- sulfur dioxide
- umsizi
- ii-hydrocarbon
- i-nitric oxide
- ikhabhon monoksayidi
Iirhasi ezingcolisayo ezisuka kwizithuthi zepetroli:
- initrogen
- ikharbon diokside
- amanzi
- ii-hydrocarbon
- i-nitric oxide
- ikhabhon monoksayidi
Ingaba zingakanani ungcoliseko lweemoto zeemoto zepetroli?
Xa kuthethwa ngongcoliseko oluphuma kwiimoto ezihamba ngepetroli, sinokuthi owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kweenjini zedizili nezepetroli yindlela amafutha axutywa ngayo nomoya nendlela atshiswa ngayo. Basebenza ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa akukho nto ingcono kunomnye.
Ngoko i-petroli iyichaphazela njani imeko-bume? Oku kubangela ukuba iigesi ze<em>greenhouse, ezinjenge<em>carbon dioxide, zikhutshelwe emoyeni. Ngelitha nganye yepetroli esetyenzisiweyo. I-2,32 yeekhilogram ze-carbon dioxide ikhutshwa emva kokuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-13.
Ingakanani ungcoliseko olungcoliswa ziimoto zedizili?
Ngemiba yenjini yepetroli ecacileyo noko, ngoku sicacisa imibuzo embalwa enxulumene nedizili. Idizili iyichaphazela njani imeko-bume? Ingcolisa kangakanani ilitha yedizili?
Impendulo kukuba i-oyile yerhasi okanye idizili inokuba nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba elifana kakhulu nelo lepetroli. Ukongeza kwi-CO2, i-diesel iphinda ikhuphe ezinye iigesi kunye neengqungquthela ezinobungozi kwindalo, njenge-SO2, i-NOx kunye ne-soot. Idizili ikhupha iikhilogram eziyi-2,6 zecarbon dioxide ilitha nganye malunga neekhilomitha ezili-16.
Izixhobo zokunciphisa ungcoliseko
Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko oluvela kukukhutshwa kwezithuthi, ishishini leemoto lisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo:
- I-AdBlue: Sisongezo esisekelwe ikakhulu kwi-urea efakwe kwiigesi zokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba ezi gesi zifikelele kwi-catalyst. I-Urea iqukethe i-ammonia, kwaye ngenxa yale nto kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-catalyst, xa i-NOx isabela, i-N2, i-CO2 kunye nomphunga wamanzi ziveliswa.
- Isentloko: Injongo yale yunithi kukunciphisa ezo zinto ziyingozi ziphuma nge-catalytic (redox) reactions.
- I-NOx accumulators-IiCatalysts: Njengoko igama libonisa, zi-NOx zokugcina ii-catalysts ezigcina i-NOx ide ihlaziywe kwaye isuswe. Kwakubonakala ngathi iyancedisa i-catalysis yeendlela ezintathu.
- Isihluzo esicacileyo: Isetyenziselwa ukugcina i-soot particles eveliswa ngexesha lokutsha kwe-diesel kwaye emva koko isuswe nge-oxidation.
- I-EGR yeGas Recirculation: Le yunithi ilawula ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-NOx malunga ne-50% ngokuphindaphinda iigesi zokukhupha kwi-manifold intake xa injini isebenza kumthwalo oyingxenye kunye nobushushu bokusebenza.
Kucacile ukuba amanye amafutha efosili ayingcolisa ngokunzulu imekobume, enoba ayakhutshwa okanye atshisiwe. Noko ke, ioli nezinto eziphuma kuyo zezinye zezona mveliso zidumileyo ngenxa yokuba ziye zasinika inkqubela enkulu kwezobugcisa, ezothutho, nezinye iinkalo ezininzi, yaye zikwavelisa ungcoliseko oluphezulu. Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, zombini i-petroli kunye ne-oyile yerhasi okanye i-diesel ziphuma kwi-petroleum, zombini ziyingcolisa ngokunzulu okusingqongileyo, kwaye zombini ziyingozi ngokulinganayo.
Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lwesithuthi ngokumodareyitha kwaye ukhethe izithuthi zikawonkewonke okanye izithuthi zombane, okanye ubuncinci i-hybrids.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni engcolisa ngakumbi idizili okanye ipetroli.