Zininzi izinambuzane ezihlasela izityalo kwaye zibangele umonakalo omkhulu. Konke oku kubandakanya iindleko ezinkulu zoqoqosho kunye notshintsho kwindalo yendalo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ibhaktheriya Xyella fastidiosa kuye kwaba Isitshabalalisi esiyingozi kakhulu eYurophu. Ukonakaliswa kwayo okuninzi kuye kwanyanzela ukuba kugawulwe amakhulu amawaka eminquma. Ngoku isasazeka ngamandla kwiiBalearic Islands.
UXylella fastidiosa, sisitshabalalisi esikhohlakeleyo
Amatyala okuqala osulelo lweXylella enzeka ngo-Novemba ophelileyo kwizityalo zokuhombisa eMallorca. Iingcali kwicandelo zazithemba ngokwazo zicinga ukuba ziya kuba zodwa kwaye azizukuchaphazela okanye zisasaze kwezinye izityalo ngakumbi izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ziye zafunyanwa kunye ne-92 yamatyala e-Xylella eMallorca nase-Eivissa. Ukuthintela esi sibetho, kuye kwamkelwa isigqibo esiza kubhengeza yonke indawo yaseBalearic njengendawo ebekwe sesi sibetho.
Xyella fastidiosa
Eli nyathelo lithathwe nguRhulumente liyakwenza ukuba kungabikho lula ukurhweba ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemifuno ephilayo, ukuyithumela kwezinye iindawo. Ngale ndlela, naluphi na uhlobo losulelo luyathintelwa kwaye isifo siyanyangwa in situ ukuze ingabangeli umonakalo ongaphezulu. Iya kuthintela Amawaka emithi kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bezityalo buyasikwa ukuze kujongwane nokugawulwa.
Kwi-European Union, banika ingqwalaselo Xyella fastidiosa Kunye nematode I-Bursaphelenchus xylophilus unyana ezona zitshabalalisi zimbini zibeka ingozi eziyingozi kwizityalo. Ukuthintela ukonakala kwayo, malunga neminyaka emine, kusetyenziswe amanyathelo anzima kakhulu kunye nolawulo olukhulu ukwanda kwawo. Inkqubo ye- Xyella fastidiosa ibangela ukufa kancinci kwesityalo esisichaphazelayo.
Iindawo ezosuleleke ngu Xyella fastidiosa
Nangona isibetho sisasazeke e-Italiyane kwaye saziwa njenge "Isibetho somnquma", ekuphela kommandla waseSpain apho kufunyenwe khona le ntsholongwane ikwii-Balearic Islands. Amanyathelo okuqala othintelo asetyenzisiweyo eMallorca awanelanga. Ke i-radius yeemitha ezili-100 yatsalwa ukuze ikwazi ukunciphisa imimandla esulelekileyo. Kwezi ndawo, zonke izityalo ezibambeleyo zoluhlobo ziye zasuswa. Umda wekhilomitha ezili-10 uphinde wanqunyanyiswa kumda wolawulo apho kusetyenziswa khona i-100 × 100 m mesh. Kule meshes, iisampulu zithathiwe kwizityalo ezibonisa iimpawu zeXylella kunye nezo zibangqongileyo, kwaye zonke iindidi zemikhosi yazo zonke i-Xylella subspecies ziye zavavanywa. Ngala manyathelo, izityalo eziyi-1.921 ziye zasuswa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo wokhuselo lwezityalo.
Kolu phando kuye kwakho Abangama-71 baqinisekisile poster eMallorca kunye nama-21 e-Eivissa. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba umntu angathetha ngokusasazeka kwebhaktheriya kulo mmandla. Kungenxa yoko le nto, kuMyalelo woMphathiswa wangoMgqibelo, nge-21 kaJanuwari 2017, kunyanzelekile ukuthintela ukuphuma kummandla woluntu oluzimeleyo lwazo zonke izityalo zokutyala, ngaphandle kwembewu, engachaphazeleki kukungcola.
URhulumente uyangqina ukuba lo Myalelo woMphathiswa ayivelisi iindleko zoqoqosho okanye ilahleko encinci. Ukusukela, ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba iziQithi zeBalearic ngabangenisi bezinto eziphilayo zezityalo kwaye hayi abathengisa ngaphandle, lo Myalelo woMphathiswa uyakunciphisa iziphumo ezibi zosulelo ngu Xyella fastidiosa.
Iintlobo ezichaphazelekayo
Phakathi kwemithi echaphazelekayo Xyella fastidiosa sidibene no umnquma, itsheri, iplum kunye nemithi yeamangile. Ngokubhekisele kwiMallorca, kuye kwafunyanwa izinto ezintle kwimithi yomnquma esixhenxe, ishumi elinesine leminquma yasendle, isithoba segaligali, imithi emithathu yetsheri, iplamu enye kunye nemithi yeamangile ezingamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe, ngelixa izinto ezintle ze-Eivissa bezikwi-oleanders ezimbini, imithi yomnquma elishumi elinesithandathu, I-polygal enye, imimosa eluhlaza kunye ne-lavender.
Okokugqibela, imigibe ye-chromotic yafakwa kwiindawo ezosulelekileyo eMallorca. Le yimigibe evumela ukubhaqa ubukho be vector ehambisa ibacteria. Vula ISebe leZoology kwiYunivesithi yaseBalearic Islands Isifundo siqale ukujonga izinto ezinokubakhona kule bacteria kwaye ke sigxile ekuzimiseni.
Iyacaphukisa ngokwenene.