Imithi ngabantu abadala emhlabeni. Banoxanduva lokukhulula i-oksijini kunye nokuguqula i-carbon dioxide (CO2), ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umphumo we-greenhouse emoyeni. I Usuku lomthi isikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kokukhusela imimandla yamahlathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubakho okuqhubekayo kobomi kwisijikelezi-langa sethu.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga noSuku lweArbor kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Kutheni kukho uSuku lweArbor?
Kufuneka sihlukanise uSuku lwe-Arbor (Juni 28) kwi-International Day of Forests ngo-Matshi 21. Omnye umhla unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokugxininisa ukubaluleka kwemithi namahlathi, ngenjongo yokwenza abantu bayiqonde imfuneko yokukhusela imimandla yamahlathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kweentlobo zezilwanyana.
Imithi inemisebenzi emininzi ethatha inxaxheba kwimijikelezo yendalo. Ukusuka ekuveliseni ioksijini ukuya ekubeni ngumhlobo wethu obalaseleyo ekusabeleni kwintlekele yemozulu. Yimithi esisiseko sokusinda kwezidalwa eziphila emhlabeni. Ziyindawo yendalo egqibeleleyo, apho amawaka eentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo zihlala khona.
Ukongeza, imithi isinceda ukuba silawule umjikelo we-hydrological, ngaloo ndlela sinciphisa umngcipheko wezikhukula, kwaye ingumthombo wezinto ezibonakalayo zokuvelisa amayeza kunye nezinye izinto zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yabantu iyonakalise phantse I-78% yamahlathi angazange abonwe emhlabeni kunye nama-22% aseleyo aye achatshazelwa kukugawulwa kwemithi. Ukuwohloka kwemekobume kwezi meko akuchaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo kuphela okusingqongileyo kwaye kukhuphe ikharbon diokside emoyeni, kodwa kuchaphazela neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zethu, kwaye kubeke emngciphekweni amawaka eentlobo zezilwanyana.
Le meko ikhokelele ekusungulweni kweUnited Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration ngo-2021, efuna intshukumo edibeneyo kule minyaka ilishumi izayo ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kwendalo okungenakulungiseka.
Ukuba kukho uSuku lwe-Arbor, yingxelo yokuba kuyimfuneko ukuyiyeka le meko, kwaye sinokusebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo. ISweden lilizwe lokuqala ukubhiyozela le holide. Wakwenza ngo-1840 ukwazisa ngendima ebalulekileyo imithi enayo ekunciphiseni ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ukukhusela umhlaba kunye nokuphumeza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ingakanani icarbon dioxide enokufunxwa lihlathi
Ukuze sazi ukuba ingakanani ikharbon diokside efunxa lihlathi, simele siqale sihlolisise ukuba yiyiphi imithi eyenziwe ngayo. Uhlolisiso lwakutshanje olwenziwa ngumphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville luye lwabonisa ukuba iAleppo pine ngomnye wemithi efunxa eyona carbon dioxide. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iAleppo pine esele ikhulile inokufunxa iitoni ezingama-50 zecarbon dioxide ngonyaka.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-specimen ekhulileyo yolu hlobo inokufunxa izinto ezikhutshwayo eziveliswa zizithuthi ezingama-30 ezinobungakanani obuphakathi ezihamba iikhilomitha ezili-10.000 ngonyaka. I-Peninsula yase-Iberia yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokukhula kwale mithi, ngoko ke ihlathi lepayina linamandla amakhulu okutshona kwekhabhoni yendalo.
Ngenxa yobutyebi bayo beentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, inani elikhulu le CO2 iisinki zingamahlathi anyulu. Ihlathi leentlobo ezichanekileyo, zakudala kunye nezomthonyama, apho kungekho bungqina bucacileyo bemisebenzi yabantu, kunye nenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo ayitshintshanga kakhulu. La mahlathi anyulu kunye nemithombo yolawulo lwemozulu iye yancitshiswa ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu.
Usuku lwe-Arbor ukuhlonipha amahlakani ngokuchasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Amahlathi aphambili asixhenxe okugqibela eplanethi ngala alandelayo:
- Ihlathi laseAmazon
- Ihlathi elikuMzantsi-mpuma Asia
- Amahlathi anemvula kumbindi weAfrika
- Amahlathi apholileyo aseMzantsi Melika
- Amahlathi aphambili aseMntla Melika naseKhanada
- Amahlathi aphambili aseYurophu
- Amahlathi e-taiga yaseSiberia
Njengolwandle, ukukhusela amahlathi kuthetha ukukhusela eyona ndlela inamandla yokufunxa nokugcina ikharbon diokside. Ubuchule bakhe buyamangalisa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umthi ugcina umyinge wama-22 kg wecarbon dioxide ngonyaka. Amahlathi ashinyeneyo agcina iitoni ezingama-250 eebhiliyoni zecarbon dioxide emithini kuphela, elilingana neminyaka engama-90 yezinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi. Amahlathi aseYurophu abeka yedwa malunga ne-10% yokukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu kwi-European Union. ESpeyin, amahlathi alungisa itoni yekhabhoni ngehektare nganye ngonyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi ngoku zibonisa ukuba ukuba asitshintshi ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, obu buchule bendalo bemithi bunokuthotywa. Ungasuka ekubeni ngumhlobo wethu xa ujongene nengxaki yemozulu uye kwenye yeentshaba zethu. Ngesi sizathu, kuyimfuneko ukufumana izisombululo ezizinzileyo ezisinceda silungelelanise ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi, ukunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokuphelisa ukugawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni.
Izizathu zokutyala imithi
Imithi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo:
- Bakhupha ioksijini kwaye baguqule i-carbon dioxide (CO2) ibe yi-biomass, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa i-greenhouse effect.
- Bangabalawuli bomjikelo we-hydrological kwaye banceda ukuthintela izikhukhula.
- Zithintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kwaye zikhetha uphuhliso lwezolimo.
- Zenza indawo yokuhlala yezityalo, iintaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini.
- Kwiindawo ezihlala emahlathini, zinegalelo ekwenzeni indawo efumileyo.
- Banceda ukulawula imozulu kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, okubangelwa ikakhulu ngabantu.
- Zingumthombo wemathiriyeli ekrwada yokwenza amayeza, ukutya, iphepha, amafutha (umthi namalahle), iifayibha kunye nezinye izinto zendalo (ezifana ne-cork, i-resin kunye nerabha).
Ezinye zezinto ezinomdla kule mithi zezi zilandelayo:
- Ngokophononongo lwakutsha nje (olupapashwe yiJournal of Sustainable Forestry), kukho iintlobo zemithi ezingama-60,065 kwiplanethi yethu.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, lImithi iya kukhula ngokupheleleyo xa ifikelela kwiminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50 ubudala.
- Kwimimandla ebandayo okanye imimandla, bakhulisa iimpuku kunye neentaka.
- Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-78% yamahlathi angabonakaliyo atshatyalalisiwe ngabantu kwaye i-22% eseleyo iye yachatshazelwa kukugawulwa kwemithi.
- I-12% yamahlathi ehlabathi akhethelwe ukukhusela i-biodiversity.
- Kuqikelelwa ukuba ihlathi lenza uvimba wekhabhoni obalulekileyo, oqokelela malunga neegigaton ezingama-289 zale elementi.
- Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kunye neGreenland, bahlala kwindawo enkulu yomhlaba, ebalelwa kwi-28,5% yomhlaba.
- Isiqingatha samahlathi ehlabathi akwimimandla yetropiki kwaye amanye akwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo nenentlabathi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noSuku lwe-Arbor kunye nokubaluleka kwalo.