Ngelishwa, kule 2017 yenzeke amatyeli aliqela, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa apho inversion ye-thermal, ukunqongophala kwemvula kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe Izithuthi zabucala yabemi.
Ngenxa yezi zinto phakathi kwezinye, iMadrid ihlupheke iziqendu ezininzi zongcoliseko oluphezulu. Ujongene nale meko, umbuzo ophakamayo, zezi izithintelo zendlela ukusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko?
Ungcoliseko lwamanani kunye neziphumo zalo
Le ngxaki ayiyonto intsha, kwaye iphindaphindwe rhoqo nge rhoqo kwaye neziphumo zakhe ezibuthathaka, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, bahlupheke kakhulu.
Ngokwe-Arhente yaseYurophu ye Yendalo (I-EEA), zihlazo, ke eSpain bangaphezu kwama-31.000 abantu abafayo unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yongcoliseko, badibanisa phantse isiqingatha sesigidi (487.000) kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ngelishwa, zombini i-nitrogen dioxide (NO2) njengoko amasuntswana edutyulwa ngaphezulu kwemida ethi ichongwe ngabasemagunyeni ezempilo yingozi empilweni.
Ungcoliseko luyabonakala, luphefumle kwaye luzive. Kwaye akusiyo nje imeko bebodwa yaseMadrid, iphindaphindwe kumakhulu ezixeko kwihlabathi liphela.
Ungcoliseko alukho "ngaphezulu kwabantu" kodwa "luphakathi kwabantu" kungoko luyingozi. Kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, amaxesha amaninzi amaxesha ngamaxesha bayoyisa I-300 ppm HAYI2Ukugqitha nge-180 ppm kuthathwa njengokuyingozi.
Izithintelo zendlela eMadrid
Ukujongana nale meko, abasemagunyeni bakamasipala, njengabo nakweyiphi na idolophu enkulu, banothotho lweenkqubo zokuzama ukunciphisa imeko. Kwimeko yeMadrid umgaqo setha iimeko ezi-4.
Ukunciphisa isantya
Eyokuqala sisilumkiso esinciphisa isantya kwindawo yokungena esixekweni ukuya kwi-70 km / h.
Indawo yokupaka engahlaliyo
Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, iya kweyesibini apho, ukongeza ukunciphisa isantya, abangahlaliyo banqunyelwe ukupaka kwiindawo ezimiselweyo zokupaka (indawo ye-SER).
Ukujikeleza kwi-M30
Imeko yesithathu ithatha elinye inyathelo, ivumela izithuthi ezinamacwecwe amanani nakwiintsuku kwaye ezingaqhelekanga kwiintsuku ukuba zijikeleze ngaphakathi kwe-M30. ipleyiti engaqhelekanga.
Ukongeza, ivumela iinqwelo zokukhutshwa kwe-zero kwaye abo bane-3 okanye ngaphezulu abahlali bajikeleze.
Kwaye okokugqibela, owesi-4 nowokugqibela Inqanaba Yandisa imeko yesi-3 yokuvalwa ukuya kwi-M30 uqobo.
Utshintsho olusuka kwimeko enye luye kwelinye lwenzeka xa ubuncinci izikhululo zokulinganisa ungcoliseko zigqithile kumanqanaba aphezulu. Ibhunga lesixeko kufuneka lazise ngekota yeeyure ezingama-24 zokungena ngokunyanzeliswa kwala manyathelo.
Iziphumo zokulungisa
Kusuku lokuqala kusetyenziswe imeko yesi-2 (leyo yayinqanda ukupaka kwindawo yokumisa imigaqo) yaphumelela kuphela ekunciphiseni kwezithuthi ku-M30 xa kuthelekiswa nosuku olufanayo lwenye iveki ye-1%.
Usuku lwe-2 isebenzise umthetho olandelwayo kwimeko yayo yesi-2 iphumelele ukuncipha nge-2% kwaye okwesithathu kwiintsuku ayifikanga kwi-5%.
Ukuqukumbela: ukuba kuya kubakho ukunciphisa kwi amanqanaba ongcoliseko ngokufanelekileyo, amanyathelo athathiweyo kufuneka akhokelele kunciphiso olukhulu lwezithuthi.
Inye kuphela imeko, kwinto oyibonayo, eqinisekisa ukuba le yi-3 evumela kuphela iimoto ezineepleyiti ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinelayisensi ukuba zijikeleze ngaphakathi eMadrid kuxhomekeke kumhla.
Inkqubo yokulwa ungcoliseko
Ukuxhomekeka kwisithuthi sabucala esinikwe amandla iifosili ibiyinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubela phambili kwezoqoqosho kule minyaka ilikhulu idlulileyo.
Ngethamsanqa, kubonakala ngathi utshintsho luqala kule minyaka izayo ukuya kwi ukuhamba kombane, kodwa okwangoku olo tshintsho luza, baninzi abantu kwihlabathi liphela abaya kuva ubunzima kolu lungcoliseko.
Utshintsho lweparadigm luyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo apho kukho olunye uhlobo lokuhamba olukhoyo.
Ukusebenza ngomnxeba, isithuthi ekwabelwana ngaso, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ibhayisekile okanye imoto yombane zezinye zezisombululo esinokuba nazo.
Nokuba ngaba okanye ungazisebenzisi ezinye iindlela eziya kuxhomekeka kwinyani ukuqonda abasemagunyeni, iinkampani kunye nathi, abemi.
