Nangona iplanethi yethu ibizwa ngokuba nguMhlaba, akufuneki silibale ukuba iilwandlekazi zimele ngaphezulu kwama-70% omhlaba kwaye zilikhaya lama-97% kuwo onke amanzi aseplanethi. Kananjalo asinakulibala ukuba elwandle kukho isixa esikhulu seentyatyambo nezilwanyana ezisehlabathini. La maqumrhu amanzi anetyuwa alikhaya lamawaka namawaka eentlobo zebacteria, ii-microorganisms, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo umntu kuba ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wemithombo yendalo. Sifumana amandla, ukutya kunye neeminerali kwiilwandlekazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemisebenzi yoluntu, yintoni eyaziwayo njenge Ungcoliseko lwaselwandle.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni na ungcoliseko lwaselwandle kunye nemvelaphi yalo.
Yintoni ungcoliseko lwaselwandle
Njengoko sisazi, ulwandle lulikhaya lamawaka eentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nomthombo omkhulu wemithombo yobutyebi yendalo yabantu. Ukusuka apha sikhupha amandla, ukutya kunye neeminerali, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezisisebenzelayo umhla nezolo. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kukho ukuchitheka okuninzi okukhokelela kungcoliseko lwaselwandle. Kuba sisebenzisa indawo enkulu yasemanzini, siphela siwohloka.
Singatsho ukuba ungcoliseko lwaselwandle sisiphumo esenzeka emva koko ukwaziswa kwezinto zangaphandle, zemichiza okanye zebhayoloji kwezi zinto zendalo. Xa sigalela amanzi avela kwezolimo kwizifundo zamanzi ezinjengemilambo, iphelela ekungeneni elwandle. La manzi angcoliswe yimichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi, izichumisi kunye nemichiza yokubulala ukhula esetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza imveliso yezityalo. Ke ngoko, olu luhlobo lokungcoliseka elwandle. Ngenxa yolu lungcoliseko sinokuthotywa kweempawu zendalo zendalo. Xa ezi mpawu ziguqulwa, ziphela zinefuthe kumgangatho wobomi bazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ikwaphela ngokutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala yendalo kunye nokubangela ukwahlukana phakathi kwabo.
Iminyaka ukukhula komntu kubangele ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka ngaphandle kolunye uhlobo lonyango, Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye namanzi aqhumayo asele elwandle. Kude kube ngawo-70, bekukho inkolelo eyaziwayo yokuba ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi elwandle, zonke izinto ezingcolisayo zinokungxengxwa ngaphandle kokubangela iziphumo zemo engqongileyo. Emva kwexesha kuye kwabonakala ukuba akunjalo.
Ngaphandle kwento ecingelwayo, ungcoliseko aluxutywanga, kodwa luqokelelana kakhulu emanzini, kumatyathanga e-trophic. Emva koko isasazwa kuwo onke amanzi olwandle kwihlabathi liphela, ifikelela kwiindawo apho imisebenzi yabantu ingekhoyo. Ngapha koko, sinokubona iziphumo zongcoliseko kwiindawo ezingangenwanga ngabantu lokanye yiAntarctica ngeMariana Trench.
Izinto ezibangela ungcoliseko lwaselwandle
Unobangela wongcoliseko lwaselwandle luvela kwimithombo emininzi. Uninzi lwabo lubangelwa yimisebenzi yoqoqosho lwabantu. Makhe sibone ukuba yeyiphi eyona mithombo iphambili yongcoliseko lwaselwandle.
Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nokubulala ukhula
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ezolimo zisebenzisa iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezinceda ukunciphisa izinambuzane nezifo ezihlasela izityalo. Amayeza okubulala ukhula asetyenziselwa ukubulala ukhula oluthintela ukukhula kwezityalo. Ezi khemikhali zigqiba amanzi olwandle kwaye zinciphise inani le-phytoplankton, ulwelwe kunye nezinye izityalo zaselwandle. Iziphumo, ibangela ukwehla kweoksijini enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye inokuqokelelana kwizicubu zezinto eziphilayo. Ingxaki yezi zinto zingcolisayo zamachiza eziqwalaselweyo kwizicubu zihanjiswa zisiwe kwityathanga lokutya. Okokugqibela, kunokubangela utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha yokuzala kwakhona kwentlanzi ukubangela iingxaki eluntwini ngokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Izichumisi kunye nezicoci
Yenye yezona zinto zibangela ungcoliseko lwaselwandle. Zombini ezi khemikhali zibangela ukutyeba kwezondlo emanzini. Oku kugqithisileyo kwezakhamzimba kuyaziwa njenge-eutrophication. Zenziwe ikakhulu nge-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus. Xa ezi zifikelela emanzini, ubulembu buqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kulapha apho benza khona umaleko we-biomass othintela ukungena kwelanga kunye nokuhlaziywa kweoksijini emanzini. Ke ngoko, kuthintela ukukhula kobomi kwiindawo ezinamanzi eutrophic.
Iikhemikhali kunye neehydrocarbon
Iikhemikhali zezi zinokufumaneka kuzo zonke iintlobo zokuchitheka. Olu luhlu luphuma kwizinyithi ezinzima kunye nenkunkuma eqhumayo evela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Singafumana kwiziyobisi, amayeza kunye neehomoni, phakathi kwabanye. Iziphumo ezingxamisekileyo zezi zingcolisayo zezi ukufa kwangoko ngenxa yetyhefu kwaye kwimeko ezigwenxa ngakumbi ukubonakala kokungalunganga kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba kwimixokelelwane ye-trophic.
Ngokubhekisele kwiihydrocarbon, siyazi ukuba zombini izikhephe zokuloba, iphenyane, iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa, njl. Basebenzisa iihydrocarbons njengomthombo wamafutha. Xa ukuchitheka kweoyile kusenzeka, zonke izilwanyana ziyafa zidiniwe kuba kuthintela ukungena kwelanga kunye nezinto zokubola kwale hydrocarbon zichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha komzimba womzimba.
Amanzi amdaka kunye neeplastiki
Amanzi amdaka lawo avela kubantu nakumashishini kwaye akhutshwa ngaphandle kolawulo. Ezinye zazo zithanda ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kuba zityebile ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo.
Iiplastikhi kunye ne-microplastics zithathwa njengezona zinto zibangela ukungcola elwandle emhlabeni wonke. Banokufikelela kubangela amanxeba, ukungalunganga kunye nokunqunyulwa kwezilwanyana ngokubanjiswa kuzo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, ii-microplastics ziyabandakanywa kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwezinto eziphilayo kwanabantu badonsa zonke iityhefu kunye nokonakalisa izicwili.
Ezinye iintlobo zezinto ezingcolisa umoya kancinane ziinethi ezilahlekileyo zize zithunyelwe elwandle kubanjiswa iintlanzi kunye nongcoliseko lwengxolo. Olu ngcoliseko luvela koonyana baka-sonars, oomatiloshe babo beenqanawa, iinqanawa, ufakelo lweoyile olusasazeka iimayile ukusuka kwimvelaphi yabo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nongcoliseko lwaselwandle kunye nemvelaphi yalo.