El Umjikelo wamanzi Kukuhamba okuqhubekayo nokujikeleza kwamanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngalo mjikelo, amanzi adlula kwiindawo ezintathu ezinokubakho: ulwelo, okuqinileyo kunye negesi. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kude kube sekupheleni komjikelo, amanzi asuka ekubeni lihle ukuya kuthi ga ekugqibeleni abe ziibhiliyoni zeelitha zamanzi elwandle.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nomjikelo wamanzi nokubaluleka kwawo.
Ukusebenza komjikelo wamanzi
Siyazi ukuba amanzi anokulinganisela kwiplanethi yethu. Kuhlala kukho umlinganiselo ofanayo wamanzi, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nakwimimandla. Ngokubanzi, ibhalansi ye-hydrological ihlala ihleli, nangona kukho iimolekyuli zamanzi ezinokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ilanga yinjini eqala wonke lo mjikelo. Iqala ngokufudumeza amanzi olwandle neelwandle. Xa la manzi engumphunga anyukela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze enze amafu. Ngeli xesha apho amanzi akwimo yegesi. Nje ukuba ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo lomoya kufezekiswe, imvula yenzeka. Kuxhomekeke kubushushu bomoya kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezikhoyo, imvula inokuqina okanye ibe lulwelo. Kwimo eqinileyo inokuba ngokohlobo lwekhephu okanye isichotho.
Enye yemvula ewela emhlabeni ingagcinwa ngohlobo lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, yimigxobhozo, ukuqengqeleka komphezulu, amachibi, amachibi, imilambo, njl. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amanzi aphinda akhokelwe ulwandle apho luya kuphinda lube ngumphunga ngenxa yesenzo semitha yelanga Kwaye kwakhona aya kwenza amafu aya kuphakamisa imvula. Oku kukuvalwa komjikelo wamanzi.
Iinkqubo
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona nkqubo ziphambili ezichaphazelekayo kumjikelo wamanzi. Zininzi iinkqubo ezingenelela kumjikelo wamanzi kwaye yiyo loo nto zigcinwa zihamba rhoqo. Umzekelo, ezinye zeenkqubo zinoxanduva lokwenza umphunga wamanzi abe ngumphunga. Ukunyuka kwemisinga yomoya ziziphumo zokuvela komphunga Eziza zombini kwizityalo ngexesha lenkqubo yefotosinthesisi nakukonyuka kolophu nolomzimba.
Xa umphunga wamanzi unyuka emoyeni, elonaqondo lobushushu liphantsi lelona linoxanduva lokubangela ukufukuka kobunzima bomoya buqu buze benze amafu. Amasuntswana amanzi ngaphakathi kwelifu angqubana kunye nokwenza amanye amathontsi amanzi. Amaconsi amanzi afuna isiseko se-condensation se-hygroscopic ukuze akwazi ukuwajoyina. Ezi cores zihlala zincinci zentlabathi, uthuli lomoya, okanye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ukuba amathontsi amanzi ayongezwa kwaye aqokelelwe ngokuqhubekekayo, aba ngamathontsi anzima kakhulu amanzi awela phantsi kobunzima bawo.
Zonke iimeko zemozulu ezenza imvula zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwamafu olukhoyo ngalo mzuzu. Inkqubo yokuwa kwethontsi lamanzi inokuthatha amawaka eminyaka. Ngamanye amagama, amanzi ajike aba ngumphunga emoyeni kungathatha iminyaka ukubuyela umva ukuvala umjikelo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kwindawo okhoyo.
Ixesha lomjikelo wamanzi
Makhe sibone ukuba lixesha elingakanani elinxulumene nomjikelo we-hydrological. Xa ithontsi lamanzi elisuka kwilifu elikwimo eqinileyo enjengekhephu linokuqokelelana kwimimandla esecaleni yentaba yeqhwa. Nje ukuba zigcinwe ngale ndlela, zisenokungaphinde zikhuphuke kwakhona kwaye zijike zisisiqina ziye kulwelo kwizigidi zeminyaka. La manzi anokuhlala kule fomu egcinwe kwizigidi zeminyaka ukuba iimeko azitshintshi.. Ndiyabulela kwezi meko, izazinzulu zinokufumana ulwazi oluninzi kwii-cap polar zisebenzisa ii-ice cores.
Ezi cores zomkhenkce zikhupha ulwazi oluninzi malunga nemozulu kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Kolu lwazi sinolwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuba imozulu ifudumele, iibhloko zomkhenkce ziqala ukunyibilika zize ekugqibeleni zinyibilike. Oku kwenzeka xa kufika intwasahlobo njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka. Amanzi anyibilikileyo ahamba emhlabeni aze ondle iintlambo nemilambo. Uninzi lwemvula kwihlabathi lonke iwela elwandle. Ukuba uyayenza emhlabeni, inokuba yimisinga yomphezulu, okanye igcinwe kakuhle phantsi komhlaba njengamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokondla imithombo yamanzi. Ngapha koko, kukho amanzi amaninzi aqokelelwa yinkqubo yokungena kunalawo ahamba kwimilambo nasemachibini.
Ukuba amanzi agcinwe phantsi komhlaba, kunokuthatha amawaka eminyaka ukuvala umjikelo wamanzi kwakhona. Kungenzeka ukuba, enkosi ebantwini, ngeli xesha lifutshane kancinci kuba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha amanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Xa amanzi engena kunyanzelekile ukuba umhlaba ugcinwe ukuze ukwazi ukugcwalisa imithombo yamanzi. Imithombo yamanzi emanzi yindawo enkulu yokugcina amanzi esebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kukho abantu ababonelelwa kuphela ngoovimba bamanzi abaphantsi komhlaba bommandla.
Ukubaluleka
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, umjikelo wamanzi ubaluleke kakhulu kubomi kwiplanethi yethu. Ngombulelo kumanzi ukuba sinokwanda kobomi njengoko sibazi. Ivumela iikhompawundi eziphilayo ukuba zisabele. Umzimba womntu wenziwe ngamanzi angama-70%, yiyo loo nto le nto iqhubeka, asinakuphila.
Kukwabalulekile kwizityalo ukwenza ifotosinthesisi kunye nokuphefumla. Ukulinganisa i-pH yamanzi kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yee-enzyme, amanzi yinto ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona, njengoko ubona kwindaleko yezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, iifom zobomi zokuqala zavela emanzini. Phantse zonke iintlanzi zihlala emanzini kwaye kukho inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezanyisayo, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi kuwo. Ezinye izityalo ezinje ngobulembu ziyaphumelela nakwindawo ezihlala emanzini, nokuba kungamanzi amatsha okanye ityuwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nomjikelo wamanzi nokubaluleka kwawo.