El ukuzisebenzisa yamkelwe yi-European Union njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, kunye nokugcinwa, zotshintsho kumandla acocekileyo.
Ukongeza, iYurophu ithathela ingqalelo ukuzisebenzisa nokuzenzela njengelungelo labo bonke abemi, kodwa amazwe angamalungu omanyano alulawula njani uphuhliso lwawo? ngaba kukho iyantlukwano? Inkomfa ye-Alternativas Foundation "Indima yokuzisebenzisela ukutshintsha amandla eSpain kunye nezifundo ezifundwe kwamanye amazwe", Beka mnyama kumhlophe ngale nyani in IPortugal, iFrance neJamani.
Indaleko yokuzenzela ngokwakho yahluke kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe, kuba imithetho yabo yahluke kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwabaphathi abavela eFronius Spain, “Akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwentengiso yombane namandla phakathi kwePortugal neSpain, ichibi, iinkampani zorhwebo, iinkampani zombane ... inkqubo-sikhokelo entsonkothileyo yecandelo iyafana kodwa abamelwane bethu wayila i ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kuthi ”.
Ukuzisebenzisa
Photshugo
NgoJanuwari 2015, Photshugo iphumeze uMyalelo woMphathiswa ophuhlise i-DL 153/2014 ngokuzisebenzisa. Ummiselo oququzelela kakhulu uphuhliso lwamancedo amancinci. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,5 kW, akukho hlobo lwenkqubo luyimfuneko, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 kW, inkqubo ye-intanethi yanele, emva koko umhloli wamandla uqinisekisa ufakelo nayo yonke into ime kakuhle. Ukusuka kwi-1MW kuphela iphepha-mvume elithile lemveliso liyafuneka.
EPortugal kukho i imali eseleyo. Amandla afakwe kwigridi ahlawulwa kwi-90% yexabiso lentengiso lenyanga; URhulumente umisele njengesilingi ukuba kude kube ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa kungabonakalisi i-1% yomthamo ofakiweyo (ngaphezulu kwe-20 MW), awusayi kusebenza akukho ntlawulo yogcino, nangona kungasayi kubakho tyala liza kusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izibonelelo ezisemthethweni fikelela kuloo mda. "Kwaye okokugqibela, akukho mda uphezulu wokuzisebenzisa", uqukumbela ngelithi, "IPortugal ibone ithuba lokufumana ingqesho efanelekileyo kwaye kungoku nje, enkosi kwidrive yayo, sele kukho ngaphezulu kwe-1.000 SMEs ezinikele ekwenzeni i-photovoltaics."
EFransi
Ummelwane wethu wahlukile ngandlela ithile, imigaqo yayo intsha. Nangona lUmthetho wotshintsho lwamandla EFransi del 2015 misela iinjongo ukwandisa amandla Amandla ahlaziyekayo kumxube wamandla, kwaye kwelinye lamanqaku akhe sele efumanise ukuncitshiswa okutsha okunokwenzeka ukuze Imindeni yaseFrance inakho nciphisa sus iindleko zombane, icothe ukuyiphumeza.
Ngapha koko, iFrance ifuna ukukhuthaza ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa, ukongeza ekukhuthazeni ukuthengiswa kwamandla aveliswa ngamakhaya, athengwa ngu EDF. Ngokutsho kwindlu yozakuzo yase-France: “IFransi ikholelwa ekubeni kunokubakho okukhulu ekuphuculweni kokuzisebenzisa, ngokunjalo kwi NgoMeyi we2017 umgaqo uye wamkelwa owulawulayo, kodwa sele sinamakhaya angaphezu kwe-15.000 azenzela umbane ngokwawo "," ngomthetho omtsha inqanaba lokuthenga elitsha sele lenziwe, kunye nezivumelwano 20 iminyaka kwabo bazivelisayo (ngesiqinisekiso sokuthenga) kwaye i Intlawulo yokuthenga Intsalela Ziyi-10 c € / kWh yofakelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9 kW ze ezifikelela kwi-100 kW ziyi-6 c € / kWh ”.
Baye baqhuba nenkxaso-mali kutyalo-mali lwe iipaneli ze-photovoltaic iminyaka emihlanu.
- Ukufakelwa okungaphantsi kwe-3 kW yi-1.200 euros, i-240 euro ngonyaka ngamnye.
- ukuba mdala, Ii-euro ezingama-2.000, i-euro ezingama-400 ngonyaka.
Ukongeza, iinkqubo zenziwe lula, umzekelo, izibonelelo ezincinci zixolelwe ekubeni nesivumelwano sokuthengisa sentsalela. Misela i inkqubo eyenziwe lula kolu fakelo luncinci kwaye inyanzela abaqhubi benethiwekhi ukuba baququzelele ukuzisebenzisa. Enye into ekhuthazayo kukuba ezinye iirhafu kumaziko okuzisebenzisela ziyasuswa.
Alemania
IJamani kwiminyaka yoo-90 yaqala uku khuthaza ukuzisebenzisa, kuba lilizwe eligqale ukubaluleka kwembono yokwabela abaphantsi amagunya. Ngale ndlela, kukho uninzi lwezopolitiko Abajoyine okwangoku okukhoyo elizweni bekwenzela izinto ezinokuhlaziywa, kwaye ke ekuqaleni kuka-2000 kwavunywa uMthetho wokuyikhuthaza.
Kwilizwe laseTeutonic akukho mda kumthamo wezityalo zelanga. Ngapha koko, sele befikile kuma-700 oomasipala abafumene inethiwekhi yendawo, ethi bayazilawula, ukusukela eJamani akukho REE NjengaseSpain, elawula yonke inkqubo yombane, kodwa ilizwe lahlulwe laba zine, ukongeza abathengisi kunye nabathengisi ayizizo iinkampani kuba oomasipala basebenza njengabaqhubi bombane kwaye balawula amandla abo njengoko bafuna.
Inkxaso yamandla ahlaziyekayo yaveliswa de kwaba ngu-2012 ngeskimu sokuhlengahlengisa kunye neeprimiyamu eziphantsi kakhulu, phakathi kwe-8,65 c € / kWh kunye ne-12,50 c € / kWh, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beyunithi, kodwa ngaloo nyaka kwafikelelwa kwinani legridi Amandla e-photovoltaic kunye namandla akhutshiweyo aqala ukuhlawula ngexabiso eliphantsi kubiza imali ukuyithenga kwinethiwekhi.
Ingxelo ikwabonisa ukuba izixhobo zokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho ezinamandla angaphantsi kwe-10 kW abahlawuli irhafu, kwaye abo banamandla aphezulu bahlawula i-40%. Ukwengeza, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano Zilula kakhulu, kuba akukho khontrakthi kufuneka yenziwe ibesemthethweni phakathi komthengi kunye nomsebenzisi wenethiwekhi, onyanzelekileyo ukuba ayenze njengonxibelelwano oluphambili kwaye ongenakho ukuhlawulisa intlawulo enxulumene nokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi nomthengi ozisebenzisayo.
Lixesha lokuba uthelekise nemigaqo ye- ukuzisebenzisa eSpain, ngaba ubona umohluko omninzi?
