Amanzi aneeparameter ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezingaphezulu okanye ezingabalulekanga kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso oluphakanyisiweyo. Enye yeeparameter ezibaluleke kakhulu xa kuhlelwa umgangatho wayo Ubulukhuni bamanzi. Nangona umthetho awufuni mda kubunzima bamanzi kunye nexabiso lawo ekusetyenzisweni komntu, ngeli xesha ubudlelwane obungangqalanga. Kungenzeka ukuba amanzi ekufuneka abenobunzima obuphezulu kunye nesiqhelo angawenzi naliphi na ixabiso lawo.
Ngezi zizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngobunzima bamanzi kukubaluleka kwayo.
Buyintoni ubunzima bamanzi
Kuba umthetho awuthinteli ukubanzima emanzini okusela, ziinzululwazi ekufuneka zivavanye iziphumo zamanzi okusela ngobulukhuni obuphezulu. Le parameter yamanzi ineziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwinani elikhulu leenkqubo zemihla ngemihla Njengokusetyenziswa kwayo ekuhlambeni okanye ekuhlambeni iimpahla. Enye yeempawu apho umgangatho wamanzi unokuhlelwa bubunzima bawo. Ukuba siza kusebenzisa amanzi ukunkcenkceshela, ngokuqinisekileyo ubonile izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba izityalo ezithile zifuna ubulukhuni bamanzi.
Ubunzima bamanzi buchazwa njengokuxinana kwecalcium kunye nemagniziyam ions ekhoyo kuyo. Ezi ion zimbini zihlala cations kwaye zezona zixhaphakileyo kumanzi endalo. Oko kukuthi, ubunzima bamanzi bunokuchazwa njenge Isimbuku sazo zonke ii-cation ze-polyvalent enazo, nangona ipowusta yemagniziyam ibaluleke ngakumbi kukuqaqamba kwamanzi.
Sisoloko sifumanisa ukuba ubunzima bamanzi bumiselwa njengobunzima be calcium carbonate kwaye bulinganiswa ngeemiligram ngeelitha zesisombululo. Oku akuthethi ukuba yonke i-calcium emanzini anzima ivela kwi-calcium carbonate. Ngokulula, isivumelwano sihlala siphathwa ngokungathi kunjalo. Ukubala ubunzima bamanzi, ii-coefficients ngokunxulumene nobunzima be-calcium kunye ne-mg ngobunzima be-calcium carbonate. Ukuba sahlulahlulahlula ngo-10 ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo, singaba neyunithi esetyenzisiweyo. Yiyunithi apho ubunzima bokulinganisa amanzi bulinganiswa khona. Bayabizwa Iidigri zeFrench Hydrimetric ezaziwa ngokuba yi-GHF okanye i-ºfH. Kukho ezinye iiyunithi ukubonisa ubunzima bamanzi kodwa axhaphake kakhulu.
Amaxabiso obulukhuni bamanzi
Ukuba amanzi amnandi kakhulu okanye athambile, aya kuba nobunzima kumaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-7ºfH. Eli Xabiso libonisa ukuba banesixinaniso sama-milligram angama-70 e-calcium carbonate kwilitha nganye yamanzi. Kwelinye icala, siza kuba namanzi anzima kakhulu ukuba abonisa ubungakanani obungaphezulu kwe-54ºfH okanye into ebiyile uxinizelelo lweemiligram ezingama-540 zekhalsiyam carbonate kwilitha nganye yamanzi.
Ukuba sihlalutya amanzi aseSpain sibona ukuba kukho ubunzima obukhulu. Kumanzi alawulwayo indawo yawo ephambili isetyenziswa ngabantu, sifumana inani elikhulu leentlobo zobunzima. Umzekelo, amanye amaphondo afana neSegovia okanye iMadrid anamaxabiso obulukhuni ngeenxa zonke 5ºfH, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo ezinje ngeAlmería inokufikelela kuma-60. Into ebalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimpembelelo ezinokuba nzima ngamanzi anzima emzimbeni.
Ubukho be-bicarbonates emanzini kuthetha ukuba i-calcium carbonate precipitates inokubumba xa ishushu. Oku kubangela ukuyilwa kweecalcare crusts. Ngokuqinisekileyo sele uyazi ngoku njengekalika. Ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, ikalika isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kula mabala amhlophe abumba kufutshane namashinki okanye kwiscreen seeshawari. Le lime ayithethi ukuba ivela ngokuthe ngqo emanzini, kodwa ke yindlela yokusabela yemichiza eyenzeka phakathi kwecalcium nesepha. Ubulukhuni bamanzi abuchaphazeli iingxaki zokucoca kuphela, kodwa ikwavelisa iidipozithi eziqinileyo kwimeko zeshishini ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwiingxaki kunye nokuqhekeka kweebhoyila, iinqaba zokupholisa kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Iicalcareous crusts zihlala zisuswa ngokubangela ukusabela okubuyela umva kwemichiza ngaphambili. Oko kukuthi, ukuze iphinde yenziwe kwakhona kwi-calcium kunye ne-bicarbonate. Ungasebenzisa iasidi ebuthathaka njenge i-acetic acid (sinokuyifumana kwiviniga) okanye i-citric acid (sinokuyifumana kwijusi yelamuni). Yiyo loo nto uninzi lweemveliso zokucoca ezisetyenziselwa ikalika zisekwe kwimveliso ene-pH ene-asidi encinci.
Iziphumo ezibi zamanzi anzima kunye nendlela yokuwaphelisa
Ukuba siya kwindalo yasekhaya, siyabona ukuba amanzi anzima aneziphumo ezibi njengokuqokelelwa kwamakhoko kwizibilisa, iivenkile zokutyela, imibhobho yamanzi kunye nezifudumezi. Oku kwenza ukuba kufuneke kusetyenziswe isixa esikhulu sesepha kunye nesicocisi ukususa ezi ntsalela. Ukuba sisebenzisa iisepha ukuze sikwazi ukuphelisa intsalela yomjelo, kufuneka siyazi loo nto zii-alkali zentsimbi ye-carboxylates evela kwi-acid acids. Kungenxa yokuba i-calcium iyakwazi ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo ngesepha. Uyayibona ngokulula impendulo njengoko kusenziwa izigaqa ezingenakunyibilika.
Yintoni enceda ukutshabalalisa iipropathi zesepha kukukwazi ukwenza amagwebu. Okukhona amanzi esiya kuba nzima, kokukhona kuya kubakho ishampu eninzi okanye ijeli ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ugwebu olufanayo. Ingxaki yokusebenzisa isepha eninzi yile ukwanda kwenkcitho kuqoqosho kunye nongcoliseko lwe amanzi Enye into engeluncedo lwamanzi anzima kukuba ufuna isepha yangaphezulu yokuhlamba iimpahla zakho.
Zininzi iindlela ezifunekayo zokususa ubulukhuni obuninzi emanzini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufudumeza amanzi. Ubunzima bamanzi bunokupheliswa kuphela ngokufudumeza ukuba kubizwa ngokuba lukhuni okwethutyana. Ubunzima bethutyana kukuba kuloo calcium carbonate ikwimo yecalcium bicarbonate. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayilunganga kuba ikalika igcinwe kwimibhobho kunye nezifudumezi manzi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ukwehla. Ezi zihlala ziicarbonates zensimbi yealkali enceda ukuvelisa impendulo yamachiza.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nobunzima bamanzi.