Xa sikhetha ukuthutha ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, ukukhutshwa emoyeni, ixabiso lamafutha, umgama wohambo, njl. Ngale ndlela sinokukhetha ukuba zeziphi ezona ndlela zokuhamba ezifanelekileyo.
Kule meko siza kwenza isifundo esincinci kwaye kuvavanywe ukuba zeziphi iindlela zothutho ezisebenza ngokukuko kwaye zingangcolisi kangako iihambo eziphakathi kweedolophu zaseYurophu. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo?
Ezothutho
EYurophu, iveliswa kuphela kwi-1% yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ezikhutshwa liCandelo lezoThutho. Ezi datha zitsaliwe kwiLebhu ye-Eco-innovation kwingxelo yokuqala ekhutshiweyo malunga nokuhamba kokuhamba. Ingxelo iveliswe ngentsebenziswano neFerrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Alstom, Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona kunye ne Railgrup kwaye iveza «uhlalutyo lokubaluleka kwe-eco-innovation kwimeko yangoku yecandelo lokuhamba.
Ukongeza, ingxelo ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokwenyani malunga neenkampani ezibonisa indlela I-eco-innovation inegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi, zeziphi ezenza utshintsho lwemozulu. Sigcinele nezinto zokwenza izinto kunye namandla, sonyusa ixabiso lezinto ezingaphathekiyo ezixabiswa yimarike kwaye sisicwangciso esiliqili esinika inzuzo kwiinkampani.
Zeziphi iindlela zothutho ezifanelekileyo?
Emva kokufunda nokuvavanya zonke izinto ezichaziweyo ezichazwe apha ngasentla, ingxelo iqinisekisa ukuba uthutho lukaloliwe lolona lusebenzayo kwinkqubo yezothutho lomhlaba nangaphezulu kolwandle. Ukufikelela kwesi sigqibo, bathathele ingqalelo ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngetoni nganye ehanjisiweyo. Njengoko besenditshilo ngaphambili, iindlela zothutho zikaloliwe zingaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ezikhutshwa kwicandelo lezothutho. Yintoni egqithisile, Eli candelo lizinikele ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwalo ngama-50% xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso e-1990.
Eyona njongo inomdla kwicandelo lezothutho kukuba ngowama-2050, kujongwe ukuba imeko yokungathathi cala kwimveliso yecarbon. ISpain inenethiwekhi kaloliwe engaphezulu kwe-15.200 yeekhilomitha. Kwezi, ezingama-2.322 80 zezakwelayini ezikhawulezayo (iSpain inethiwekhi yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni). Umzi mveliso kaloliwe waseSpain uthumela kumazwe angaphezulu kwama-XNUMX. Ngaphezulu kwe-50% yokuthumela ngaphandle kweenkampani ezincinci zaseSpain kunye naphakathi (ii-SMEs) zimiselwe amazwe e-European Union.
Kuya kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba okwangoku uthungelwano lweMetro lwamkela abakhweli abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-100 ngosuku. Ukwenza uqikelelo lokuba, ngowama-2050, ama-70% abemi behlabathi baya kuhlala ezixekweni, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba ukuthuthwa koololiwe kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo eluntwini.
Imiceli mingeni yezothutho lukaloliwe
Ingxelo malunga ne-eco-Innovation yeentsingiselo zokuhamba koololiwe ichonga imiceli mngeni emithathu ephambili icandelo lezothutho ekufuneka liyoyisile. Eyokuqala, kukuhamba koololiwe, kuthanda uphuhliso oluzinzileyo ukusukela, ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwegesi yayo eluhlaza, inokuba yinto ephambili. Okwesibini kukwenziwa kwamanani, ukushukumiseka okuhlanganisiweyo kunye namava omsebenzisi, kuba ukunyuka kwetekhnoloji yolwazi iya kuguqula indlela esondela ngayo ekuhambeni. Kwaye okwesithathu kukuphuhlisa oololiwe kunye nolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo ngakumbi ukuze ungalahli ukhuphiswano kwiimarike ngokuchasene nezinto ezingavuselelekiyo.
Ukuphuculwa kwezothutho lukaloliwe kuthetha ukubonelela ngamava angcono okungena kwindlu ngendlu kubasebenzisi bayo, ukwenza ixabiso lokwahluka ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zothutho. Esona sisombululo sikhawulezayo seemodyuli kwiindlela zaseYurophu phakathi kwezixeko, I-12% ngokukhawuleza kuneenqwelomoya kunye ne-25% engaphantsi kokukhutshwa kwe-CO2, nangona ingxaki enkulu kukwahlukana okukhulu okukhoyo kumhlaba wamanye amazwe.