Isijikelezi-langa sisikhumbuza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abukho ubomi ngaphandle kwamanzi, njengembalela eyandayo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okusela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko lwamanzi zibangela ukuba umgangatho walo mthombo uxabisekileyo uwohloke, nto leyo ebonisa umngcipheko kwimpilo yesijikelezi-langa. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, amanzi kunye nongcoliseko ngamagama amabini asondeleleneyo. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle malunga nale Iziphumo zongcoliseko lwamanzi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga nemiphumo ephambili yokungcola kwamanzi kunye neentlobo zayo.
Iintlobo zongcoliseko lwamanzi
Iihydrocarbons
Ukuchitheka kweoyile phantse kuhlala kunempembelelo kwizilwanyana zasendle zalapha okanye eziphila emanzini, kodwa amandla okusasazeka makhulu kakhulu.
Ioli inamathela kwiintsiba zeentaka zaselwandle; nto leyo enciphisa amandla abo okudada okanye ukubhabha kwaye abulale iintlanzi. Ukwanda kokuchitheka kweoli kunye nokuchitheka kwaselwandle kubangele ungcoliseko lolwandle. Kubalulekile: Ioyile ayinyibiliki emanzini kwaye iya kwenza umaleko oshinyeneyo weoli emanzini, ukufuthanisela iintlanzi kunye nokuthintela ukukhanya kwizityalo zasemanzini zephotosynthetic.
Umphezulu wamanzi
Amanzi angaphezulu aquka amanzi endalo afumaneka phezu komhlaba, njengemilambo, amachibi, amachibi kunye neelwandle. Ezi zinto zidibana namanzi kwaye zinyibilike okanye zixubane nawo ngokwasemzimbeni.
i-oxygen absorber
Kukho ii-microorganisms kwimizimba yamanzi. Ezi ziquka izinto eziphilayo ezinomzimba kunye ne-anaerobic. Amanzi ahlala equlathe ii-microorganisms, nokuba yi-aerobic okanye i-anaerobic, ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezinokonakala eziphilayo ezixhonywe emanzini.
Iintsholongwane ezigqithisileyo zidla kwaye zitye ioksijini, ekhokelela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic kunye nokuveliswa kweetyhefu ezinobungozi ezifana ne-ammonia kunye nesulfure.
Ungcoliseko oluphantsi komhlaba
Amanzi emvula akhupha amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nemichiza enxulumene nawo emhlabeni aze awafunxele emhlabeni, angcolise amanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Usulelo lweMicrobial
Kumazwe asakhasayo, abantu basela amanzi angacocwanga aphuma ngokuthe ngqo emilanjeni, kwimisinga okanye kweminye imithombo. ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ungcoliseko lwendalo olubangelwa yi-microorganisms ezifana neentsholongwane, ibhaktheriya kunye neprotozoa.
Oku kungcoliseka kwendalo kunokubangela ukugula okunzulu kwabantu kunye nokufa kweentlanzi kunye nezinye iintlobo.
Ungcoliseko loMba olumisiweyo
Ayizizo zonke iikhemikhali ezinyibilika lula emanzini. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "ngamasuntswana." Ezi ntlobo zezinto zinokwenzakalisa okanye zide zibulale izinto eziphila emanzini.
Ukungcoliswa kweekhemikhali zamanzi
Yaziwa kakuhle indlela amashishini ahlukeneyo asebenzisa ngayo imichiza elahlwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimithombo yamanzi. Amachiza olimo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo ukulawula izitshabalalisi nezifo ziphelela emilanjeni, zityhefa izinto eziphila emanzini, zitshabalalisa iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo yaye zibeka esichengeni ubomi babantu.
Ungcoliseko lwezondlo
Amaxesha amaninzi sithi amanzi anezondlo eziphilileyo zobomi, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba ahlambuluke. Kodwa ukufumana izichumiso eziphakamileyo zezolimo nezamashishini kumanzi okusela kwawutshintsha wonke umfanekiso.
Amanzi amaninzi amdaka, izichumisi, kunye nogutyulo lwelindle lunezixa eziphezulu zezondlo ezinokukhuthaza ubulembu kunye nokukhula kokhula emanzini, awenze angaseleki, kwaye ade avale izihluzi.
Ukuhamba kwezichumiso kungcoliseko lwemihlaba amanzi asuka emilanjeni, emilanjeni, nasemachibini ukuya kutsho elwandle. Izichumisi zizityebi kwizondlo ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo kubomi bezityalo, kwaye amanzi acocekileyo aphumayo aphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lwezondlo eziyimfuneko kwizityalo zasemanzini.
Iziphumo zongcoliseko lwamanzi
Amanzi angcolisekile ngamayeza esiwagungxula phantsi kwindlu yangasese okanye i-oyile esiyigungxula phantsi kwi-sink. Inkunkuma elahlwa elwandle nasemilanjeni yeminye imizekelo. Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwi i-microplastics, ekugxilwe kwayo elwandle kuyanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kweZizwe eziManyeneyo, iiplastiki ezizigidi ezisi-8 ziphelela elwandle minyaka le, zitshintsha ubomi bendalo ehlala kuyo.
Ngokuchanekileyo, lo mbutho wamazwe ngamazwe uchaza ukungcoliseka kwamanzi njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi okutshintshela ukwakheka kwawo de kube yinto engasebenzisekiyo. Amanzi angcolileyo athetha ukuba abantu abanakubusebenzisa obu butyebi buxabisekileyo. Oku konakala kubonisa ingozi enkulu kwiplanethi kwaye kuya kwandisa kuphela intlupheko yabona basengozini.
Ungcoliseko lwamanzi lunemiphumo emibi ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nempilo yesijikelezi-langa. Ezinye zezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko lwamanzi zezi: ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukungcoliseka kwekhonkco lokutya, kuquka nokusasazeka kwezinto eziyityhefu ekutyeni kunye nokunqaba kwamanzi okusela.
Oovimba bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba babonelela ngama-80% abemi behlabathi. I-4% yale mithombo yogcino iye yangcoliswa. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zokungcola kwamanzi, ezona ziphambili zihambelana nomsebenzi wezoshishino emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwaye kuze kube namhlanje. Ngokomzekelo, nyaka ngamnye ngaphezu kweekyubhiki khilomitha ezingama-450 zamanzi amdaka kulahlwa elwandle. Ukunyibilikisa oku kungcoliseka, kwasetyenziswa ezinye iikyubhiki khilomitha ezingama-6.000 XNUMX zamanzi acocekileyo.
Ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, izigidi ezi-2 zeetoni zogutyulo zithontelana kumanzi ehlabathi yonke imihla. Owona mthombo ubalulekileyo wongcoliseko kukungabikho kolawulo olwaneleyo kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yabantu, yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo.
Olunye ulwelo lungonakalisa iindawo ezinkulu zamanzi kwiindawo ezisezantsi. Umzekelo, iilitha ezi-4 kuphela zepetroli zinokungcolisa ukuya kutsho kwi-2,8 yezigidi zeelitha zamanzi. Izilwanyana ezihlala emanzini ziphela ngokukhawuleza kahlanu kunezilwanyana zasemhlabeni.
Iziphumo zongcoliseko lwamanzi elwandle
Owona mmandla waselwandle ungcoliseke kakhulu luLwandle lweMeditera. Amanxweme aseFransi, eSpain nase-Italiya yenye yezona ndawo zingcoliseke kakhulu emhlabeni. Okulandelayo kuludwe yiCaribbean, iCeltic, noLwandle lwaseMntla. isizathu? Inkunkuma yaselwandle, enye yezona ngxaki zinzima zongcoliseko elwandle. Ngaphezu kwe-60% yenkunkuma efikayo yiplastiki. 6,4 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki Baphelela elwandle minyaka le.
Ukuba asiyithandi iplanethi yethu kwaye sithatha inyathelo lokuphelisa ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, iilwandle zinokudlula zivela kumahlakani ethu ekudambiseni iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiintshaba zethu. La manzi makhulu asebenza njengezinki zendalo zecarbon dioxide emoyeni. Oku kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa iigesi ze-greenhouse kunye neempembelelo ezimbi zentlekele yemozulu.
Kungoku nje, izazinzulu neengcaphephe kwihlabathi jikelele zisilumkisa ngelithi ukuba asiguquki kwimikhwa yethu size siyeke ukukhupha le gesi ingcolisa umoya, ubomi elwandle abuyi kuphila ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye leyo iya kuba yenye into emayithathelwe ingqalelo. iakhawunti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lwehydric zezinye iingxaki ekufuneka sijongane nazo. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweUnited Nations Environment Programme, ngowama-2025, isiqingatha sabemi besi sijikelezi-langa siza kujongana nokunqongophala kobu buncwane buxabisekileyo. Ithontsi ngalinye lamanzi angcolileyo namhlanje lithetha ukuba amanzi alahlekileyo ngomso.
Indlela yokuphepha iziphumo zongcoliseko lwamanzi
Ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kusezandleni zethu. Ezi zezinye zezinto esinokuzenza ukuphelisa ubukho bongcoliseko emanzini ethu:
- Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide
- Ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kunye nezinye iintlobo zemichiza esongela indalo yethu
- Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka
- Musa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo ngamanzi angcolileyo
- Ukukhuthazwa kokuloba okuzinzileyo
- Ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemiphumo yokungcoliseka kwamanzi.