Kwimvelo yendalo kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuhambelana neempawu zazo kunye nendawo engqongileyo. Namhlanje siza kugxila ekuthetheni Izinto eziphila emanzini. Apha sifumana zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinomsebenzi kunye nobomi obusekwe kwindawo yokuhlala egutyungelwe ngamanzi. Izinto eziphila emanzini zisebenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zomhlaba. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuthetha ukuba umntu uya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwezi nkqubo zendalo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, iimpawu zazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Into ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni ngamanzi. Izinto eziphila emanzini zenziwa zizilwanyana, utyani, iintyatyambo kunye nezinye izinto ezihlala emanzini. I-ecosystem ecosystems ngamanzi aselwandle netyuwa. Lawo amanzi amatsha ngamachibi, imilambo, imilambo, amachibi kunye nalawo amanzi amtyuba ziilwandle kunye neelwandle.. Zonke ezo ndawo zokuhlala apho kuhlala khona ubomi kwaye kukho isifo sentsholongwane esinawo amanzi amatsha okanye ityuwa athathelwa ingqalelo njengendalo yasemanzini.
Imalunga ne-ecosystem apho izinto eziphilayo zenza yonke imisebenzi yazo emanzini, nokuba yityuwa okanye amanzi amatsha. Ngokuziqhelanisa ne-ecosystem yasemanzini, baye bakwazi ukufumana izinto ezibonakalayo ezifanayo kwaye bavela ngokwahlukileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Iindidi zezinto eziphila emanzini
Ukuze kufundwe izinto eziphila emanzini, kufuneka zihlelwe ngokweendidi zazo ngokweempawu zazo. La maqela mabini makhulu esahlule kuwo, nangona enento enye efanayo yokuba okusingqongileyo okuphambili ngamanzi, kukho umahluko apho unokunxibelelana nokuhamba phakathi kwabantu abaphilayo abohlukeneyo nendalo esingqongileyo.
Ke ngoko, bohlulwe baba ngamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokweendlela zokunxibelelana kunye nokuhamba phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwaye zezi zilandelayo:
- Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle: Imekobume yolwandle yenziwe yimimandla enamanzi anetyuwa apho sifumana ulwandle, ulwandle, imigxobhozo, njl. Zizinzile kakhulu kuphuhliso lobomi xa zithelekiswa nayo nayiphi na enye into ephilayo esemanzini ephilayo. Kuselwandle apho ubomi bavela khona kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iseyindawo engaziwayo kwaphela yabantu.
- Indalo yamanzi acocekileyo: Indawo enamanzi amatsha yenziwe ngemimandla enezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, iintlobo zazo zonke iintlobo. Lo mmandla waziwa njengamachibi, imigxobhozo, imilambo, njl.
Kwimixokelelwano yamanzi acocekileyo kukho inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini, nangona inani elikhulu leentlanzi elinxulunyaniswa nezi ndawo zinokufumaneka. Kufunyenwe kubukho obukhulu beentyatyambo. Into enomdla malunga nemilambo kukuba iimeko zinokutshintsha phakathi kwamacandelo kunye nemimandla, ke ukuba sihlalutya indlela epheleleyo yomlambo sinokubona oko baneenkqubo ezininzi ezincinci.
Olunye uhlobo lokuhlelwa kwendalo yasemanzini luya kwindlela yokuhamba kunye nendlela yobomi bezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwendalo yasemanzini
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto ziphilayo zasemanzini ngokuxhomekeke ekuhambeni nasekuhambeni kobomi bezinto eziphilayo:
- Benthic: ezo zinto ziphilayo zibizwa ngokuba zii-benthos ezikumazantsi endalo yasemanzini. Ezi ziindawo ezingekho nzulu kakhulu apho abona bantu baphambili be-algae.
- IiNctoniki: Zizinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngegama le-necton. Zihamba ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ziyakwazi ukudada kwimimandla enamanzi.
- Amanzi aplanktonic: Zizinto eziphilayo eziyinxalenye yento eyaziwa ngokuba yiplankton. Bahlala bedada emanzini okanye elwandle kwaye bathathwa yimisinga. Isibini sinokususwa ziintshukumo zazo kwaye sisiseko sokutya. Ziyakwazi ukwahlulahlula kwi-phytoplankton kunye ne-zooplankton. Eyokuqala ibandakanya izinto eziphilayo ezenza ifotosinthesisi kwaye zivelisa izinto ezinje nge-microscopic algae kunye necyanobacteria. Eli qela lezinto eziphilayo libalulekile nakweyiphi na i-ecosystem yasemanzini kuba sisiseko setyhubhu yetrophic. I-Zooplankton yenziwe ngezinto ze-heterotrophic ezondla kwi-phytoplankton. Oko kukuthi, ngabathengi bokuqala apho sifumana ii-crustaceans ezincinci, izibungu zezilwanyana kunye neprotozoa.
- Neustonics: Zizinto eziphilayo ezihlala phezu komhlaba ezidadayo kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi-neuston.
Iintyatyambo kunye nohlaza
Kufuneka sazi ukuba izinto eziphila emanzini zineentyatyambo kunye nohlaza. Iindawo ezinamanzi amatsha zichumile kwaye zihlala zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo zaselunxwemeni ziingingqi eziphakathi apho ulungelelwaniso lwendalo yolwandle luqala ukubakho olunezinto ezingamkelekanga kangako kwizityalo ezithile ezingaxhasi amanqanaba aphezulu etyuwa. Zindawo apho ikhula ikakhulu engceni.
Kwisiqwenga semimandla eselunxwemeni, iimeko zokuphila zinzima ngakumbi. Kwaye kukuba izidalwa ezihlala kule ndawo kufuneka zimelane ngokuqhubayo namandla amaza ngexesha lesiphango kunye nokuchaswa xa kubanda ubushushu obufanelekileyo. Ukujongana nazo zonke ezi ngxaki uhlaza lwasebenzisa ubuchule obahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezivumela ukuba lubambelele ngamandla kumatye nakwiigobolondo eziqinileyo. Emaweni singazifumana ezinye izityalo ezinjengefennel yolwandle ezixhamla kwizicucu ezincinci eziveliswa ematyeni ukuze zikhule. Ukongeza, zizityalo ezibunyamezela ubutyuwa.
Ubona ngaphakathi kwetyuwa yetyuwa yasemanzini apho sinokufumana khona amadlelo abanzi ezityalo ze-phanerogamic ezinjengeentlobo ze-oceanic posidonia. Sesinye sezona zityalo zibalaseleyo kulo mmandla uphela kuba inegalelo kuzinzo lomhlaba onesanti ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Izilwanyana zasemanzini
Ngokumalunga nezilwanyana, ubomi buguqukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Sifumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ukusukela kwisiponji ukuya kwizilwanyana ezinomqolo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:
- Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezilula: ngabo bangenawo umqolo. Sine-anemones yolwandle, i-jellyfish, zonke iintlobo zeminenke, njl.
- Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezintsonkothileyo: zii-mollusks, arthropods kunye ne-echinoderms esinazo kumanzi acocekileyo nakwizinto eziphila emanzini. Kukwafakwe kwakhona ii-starfish, iibhalbhu, iskwidi, ezinye iintlobo zeemollusk, oononkala, njl.
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu sinezilwanyana zasemanzini kunye neentlanzi esele zinomqolo wenene. Okokugqibela, izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka ziye zaqhelana namanzi kunye netyuwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphila emanzini kunye neempawu zazo.