Un Itshaja yebhetri sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukutshaja ibhetri ekhutshweyo ngokujikelezisa umsinga othe ngqo ngombane ongaphezulu kancinci kunombane webhetri ngokwayo, kwicala elichaseneyo nelokukhupha langoku. Ngale ndlela, ukuguqulwa kwe-sulfate ekhokelayo kwiiplate kufezekiswa, ukubuyisela i-asidi ye-sulfuric kwisisombululo se-electrolytic, esandisa ubunzima bayo obuthile.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neshaja yebhetri, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokukhetha eyona nto ingcono kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwetshaja yebhetri
Ekubeni umthombo wamandla okhoyo wawunguthungelwano lwangoku olutshintshayo, i-selenium rectifiers okanye i-rectifiers eyenziwe nge-silicon diode isetyenzisiwe, eyavumela ukudlula kwangoku kwindlela enye echazwe kwangaphambili, njengolwalathiso lwamaza angama-half positive kuphela. Kuba ixabiso le-voltage yenethiwekhi liphezulu kakhulu kunokuba lifunwa, I-transformer isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-voltage kwixabiso phakathi kwe-13 kunye ne-18 V. I-varistor (i-variable resistor) ifakwe kwi-series kunye nesekethe kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukulawula amandla ombane wokutshaja.
Ngokudibanisa isibonda esilungileyo setshaja kwisibonda esilungileyo sebhetri, isibonda esibi kwisibonda esibi kunye neprayimari ye-transformer kwinethiwekhi, ibhetri iya kuhlawuliswa. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka kangangexesha elide njengoko ithatha i-electrolyte ukufikelela kumxhuzulane ofanelekileyo, okanye de amaqamza aqale ukuvela kwisisombululo (isiphumo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwe-hydrogen okanye ioksijini kufutshane neepleyiti ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, njengombane wokutshaja) . mkhulu kunokwehliswa kwesixa esincinci esisekhona kwiipleyiti zangoku ezifunekayo kwi-lead sulfate).
Imithwalo epheleleyo kunye nenxalenye
Ukufezekisa intlawulo epheleleyo, i-amperage kufuneka ilinganiselwe; ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukuba ipleyiti ifudumale kwaye igobe. Ngoko ke, I-varistor iyadingeka ukulinganisa ubunzulu bangoku.
Isixhobo sine-ammeter yokubeka iliso rhoqo amandla ombane wokutshaja kunye ne-voltmeter ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-voltage kwii-terminals zebhetri.
Ezinye iintlobo zeetshaja zebhetri zinzima ngakumbi kunezo zichazwe, zinamandla ahlukeneyo (45-60 W) kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Uhlobo olusetyenziswe kwiindibano zocweyo zombane lwenzelwe ukuba lukwazi ukuhlawula iibhetri ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ezidityaniswe kunye kwichungechunge okanye ngokuhambelana ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ekubeni ixesha lokutshaja alikwazi ukuba lide kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukulawula kuphela ixesha kunye nobukhulu bangoku, kodwa kunye nobunzima obuthile be-electrolyte. Ukunciphisa imfuno yolawulo, i-electronics iphunyezwe ngempumelelo uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokulungisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphazamiseke ngokuzenzekelayo xa intlawulo epheleleyo ifikeleleke.
Ngenene aziyonto ingaphaya kwezixhobo ezibuthathaka kumbane kwiitheminali zebhetri ezisebenza ngendlela yokuba itshaja yebhetri izicime ngokuzenzekelayo nje ukuba umbane ogcweleyo ufikile.
Isixhobo sine-ammeter yokubeka iliso rhoqo amandla ombane wokutshaja kunye ne-voltmeter ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-voltage kwii-terminals zebhetri.
Ezinye iintlobo zeetshaja zebhetri zinzima ngakumbi kunezo zichazwe, zinamandla ahlukeneyo (45-60 W) kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Uhlobo olusetyenziswe kwiindibano zocweyo zombane lwenzelwe ukuba lukwazi ukuhlawula iibhetri ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ezidityaniswe kunye kwichungechunge okanye ngokuhambelana ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ekubeni ixesha lokutshaja alikwazi ukuba lide kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukulawula zombini ixesha kunye nobukhulu bangoku kunye nobunzima obuthile be-electrolyte.
Ukunciphisa imfuno yolawulo, i-electronics iphunyezwe ngempumelelo uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokulungisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphazamiseke ngokuzenzekelayo xa intlawulo epheleleyo ifikeleleke. Ngenene aziyonto ingaphaya kwezixhobo ezibuthathaka kumbane kwiitheminali zebhetri ezisebenza ngendlela yokuba itshaja yebhetri izicime ngokuzenzekelayo nje ukuba umbane ogcweleyo ufikile.
Iintlobo zetshaja yebhetri
Sinokwahlula ubukhulu becala iintlobo ezintathu zeetshaja zokutsala ibhetri:
- Wo wa charger
- Iitshaja zeFrequency ephezulu (HF).
- Multi-voltage tshaja
Siza kuchaza uhlobo ngalunye ngokweenkcukacha.
Wo wa charger
I-Wo-Wa (i-double slope chargeging) yindlela yokutshaja enemigangatho emibini edityanisiweyo ebonelela ngamandla ombane oqhubekayo kunye nomsinga apho ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kunikezelwa ngendlela elawulwayo.
Kuye kube yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo iminyaka emininzi, kwaye nangona iitshaja zolu hlobo zigqithise iinjongo zazo, ziya zisanda kutshintshwa zitshaja ezintsha nezisebenza kakhulu ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu. Uninzi (75% vs. 90%)
Iitshaja zeFrequency ephezulu (HF).
Iitshaja eziphezulu ze-frequency zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye kancinci kancinci ziya kufumana indawo yentengiso ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu, iimpawu kunye nokulahleka kwamandla aphantsi ngexesha lokutshaja.
Kuyinyani ukuba ibiza kakhulu kunetshaja yesintu, kodwa le ndleko yongezelelweyo ingaphezulu kwembuyekezo kubomi bayo obude kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lombane kuba iguqula ngcono kakhulu kwaye ayivelisi i-voltage ekuqaleni komthwalo ophakamileyo (oqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha), ngoko balutyalo-mali olukhulu.
Multi-voltage tshaja
Njengoko igama libonisa, iitshaja ze-voltage ezininzi zibonelela ngokukwazi ukutshaja iibhetri kwiivoltheji ezahlukeneyo (ubukhulu becala i-12V, 24V, 36V kunye ne-48V), zizenza iimveliso eziguquguqukayo ezinokuqhelaniswa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ezinokuvela. Ixesha elidlulele.
Iqabane layo elicacileyo kufuneka lilwazi kakhulu uhlobo lwebhetri oluza kuhlawuliswa kunye nombane ofunekayo, kuba kwimeko embi kakhulu ulungelelwaniso olubi lunokubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiswa kwibhetri (njengoko kwenzeka kwiitshaja zebhetri zendabuko). .
Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziqalayo, iibhetri zokutsalwa zinika amandla iisekethe zombane okanye izinto ezinomatshini, ezinjengeemoto zombane, ukuzigcina zikwintshukumo eqhubekayo ixesha elide. Ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lezoshishino kwiminyaka edlulileyo, njenge-stackers okanye i-forklifts, enika iinkampani ezikhetha olu hlobo lomatshini inzuzo enkulu yokulungiselela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neshaja yebhetri kunye neempawu zayo.