IBhunga labaPhathiswa liphumeze ukuphela kuka-2015, iRoyal Decree ebeka oko kubiza «irhafu yogcino»Ukuzisebenzisela amandla ngokwakho, eyaziwa ngokuba yirhafu elangeni
Ngelishwa, ezona zikrokro zimbi kwimibutho yabathengi, amaqela ezendalo, imibutho yamashishini kunye nenkcaso ziye zazaliseka. Babelumkisa ngale nyaniso ixesha elide, ukusukela oko Iminyaka engama-2 ngaphambili Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezemveliso lazise iinjongo zalo
Ngokusekwe kwingxelo ekhuthaze utshintsho oluthile kwiKhomishini kaZwelonke yeMakethi noKhuphiswano (i-CNMC), kunye nemvume elandelayo yeBhunga likaRhulumente; uRhulumente uwamkele lo mthetho mtsha ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Irhafu yelanga evunyiweyo phantsi kwegunya likaJosé Manuel Soria kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezemveliso ngomnye wale mithetho angaqondwa ngummi. Kutheni iJamani, ilizwe elinelanga elingaphantsi kunathi, ubeke iipleyiti ezininzi ngonyaka kuneSpain kuyo yonke imbali yayo?
Inyani yile yokuba iSpain ibikhuthaza kakhulu amandla ahlaziyekayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, kwaye ibonelela ngeebhonasi kwabo bafaka iipaneli zelanga. Nangona kunjalo, intelekelelo kwintengiso kunye nemilinganiselo yorhulumente we-PP ukusuka ngo-2011 baqala ukuyenza nzima le meko.
Ungawabhatalisa njani amandla akho?
Ngokwesiqhelo, umthengi ofake iipleyiti kwaye uvelise umbane wakhe iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi, apho ifumana khona amandla ongezelelweyo ukukhawulelana neemfuno zayo, ayisoloko ilanga libalele, inokuba nenkungu. Ngapha koko, amaxesha amaninzi into eveliswayo ayonelanga; kwaye ukuba ishiyekile ingathengiswa kuthungelwano
Kulowo wayesakuba nguMphathiswa Wezemveliso, uJosé Manuel Soria, “into emalunga nokuxelela umboleki ukuba ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa kulungile, kodwa xa bezakusebenzisa uthungelwano sihlawula kunye Kukwafuneka nokuba ibe negalelo kuba, ukuba akunjalo, abanye bethu baya kuba bahlawula inxenye yento esiyisebenzisayo ». Umphathiswa obefanele ukurhoxa kwiinkampani zakhe ezingaselunxwemeni ePanama.
Isibonelelo
Ubuphathiswa buqwalasele oko kuxolelwa ekuhlawuleni irhafu yelanga ingayinkxaso ngeendleko zabanye abathengi. Kwinkomfa noonondaba eyenzeka emva kweBhunga laBaphathiswa, owayesakuba nguMphathiswa u-Soria wanyanzelisa ukuba abathengi abazisebenzisayo bahlawule iirhafu zothutho kunye nokusasaza "kwindlela abasebenzisa ngayo" inkqubo kwaye banikele "njengaye nawuphi na umthengi." Kwezinye iindleko. .
Ngale ndlela ibukeka ilungile, kwaye akukho mntu uyiphikayo, kodwa xa ungena kwiinkcukacha, izinto ziyatshintsha, njengomququzeleli we inkampani yoqoqosho lwentlalo uEcooo (UMario Sánchez-Herrero): «Eyona nto isengqiqweni kukuba aba bathengi bahlawulela le nkxaso (irhafu yelanga), nini kwaye kuphela kuloo maxesha apho bafuna ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi, hayi, njengoko kumiselwe umgaqo osandula ukwamkelwa, ngamaxesha apho bangadliyo kwinethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, kula maxesha apho iipaneli ze-photovoltaic zisebenza khona ».
Liya kuba nayiphi ixabiso irhafu yelanga?
Kwimeko yabasebenzisi bendawo yokuhlala, malunga ne-9 ye-euro kunye ne-VAT ngonyaka nge-kW yamandla iyakubizwa kwiphaneli nganye abanayo ekhaya (irhafu yelanga). Ngokutsho kweengcali ezininzi, ukusilela kolu hlobo lomthengi ayisiyiyo irhafu, kodwa kunokuba bengenayo akukho kubuya kumandla abavelisa kunye nokulahla kwinethiwekhi.
Ngapha koko, kumbane osebenza ngombane usenokunika iipesenti ezingama-50 zawo onke amandla aveliswayo ngofakelo lwakho, ethi ithi: Endesa, Iberdrola, iGesi yeNdalo okanye nantoni na yombane, iza kuyithengisa kummelwane wakho ngeesenti ezili-12 nge kilowatt-iyure (kWh). Yinyani leyo yishishini kwaye yonke into ayinamsebenzi.
Kwizibonelelo ezikhulu, ezamashishini, abathengi baya kuhlawula iirhafu ezimbini. Ezo euro ziyi-9 kunye ne-VAT nganye yekW yamandla eepaneli kunye neyahlukileyo ehambelana nendleko zamandla. "Yeyona inefuthe lokwenyani" ngokweengcali ezininzi kwicandelo, kwaye iyakuba malunga neesenti ezintlanu kw kWh nganye abazivelisayo nabazisebenzisayo.
Ngenxa yeendleko elinazo kule nkqubo, iZiqithi zeBalearic kunye neCanary Islands ziya kukhululwa kwirhafu.
Ngubani lo ubabalayo?
Umzi mveliso ukhusela ukuba isiGqibo saseRoyal sijolise ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo kwezoqoqosho nakwezemali kwinkqubo kwaye kuthintela bonke abathengi «Nika inkxaso»Ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa, kubo« ngumrhumo wobumbano ».
Kodwa ukubona le nkqubo, kuya kufuneka sihlalutye ingxelo ye-REE (i-Red Eléctrica Española), kunye neenkampani zombane ezinkulu ezifana ne-Iberdrola, i-Endesa…. Siyabona ukuba kuzo zonke iziphumo zikhona mabhiliyoni, hayi iziphumo zehlabathi, kodwa iziphumo eSpain.
Xa urhulumente ethetha "ngenkqubo," ezininzi mibutho Bacela ukuthetha "ngengxelo yengeniso yeenkampani ezinkulu zombane."
Ngapha koko, nguRhulumente Kwakulo nyaka mnye, wavotela umthetho oyilwayo oxhasa ukuzisebenzisa kombane ngaphandle kwezityholo kwaye oko kwaxhaswa ngawo onke amaqela ezopolitiko, ngaphandle kwePP kunye neForo Asturias. Ukulungiswa kwayo kukuba kuya kuthetha ukwehla kwengeniso kwaye i-162 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka ayinakuqokelelwa ngerhafu.
Ngokworhulumente, iyazisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa, ayixhasi
Ngokuka-Executive Mariano Rajoy, ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo bavelisa amandla abo, inyanzela abo bangenazo ezo zixhobo ukuba bathathe iindleko eziphezulu ze ukugcinwa kwenkqubo. Ukongeza, ufakelo lwe-photovoltaic lubiza kakhulu, kwaye ke yinto yabazizityebi egxininisa ukungalingani kwezentlalo zelizwe lethu.
Imibutho emininzi efana ne-OCU iyazichitha ezi ngxoxo zimbini. Kuqala, bakhusela izibonelelo zokuzisebenzisela ukulungelwa okuqhelekileyo, "okungahambelaniyo nembono yokungabikho komanyano", njengokuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwegesi yendlu eluhlaza, ukungenisa elizweni iifosili, ukuphucula intsalela yeentlawulo, ingqesho. Okwesibini, bayangqina ukuba ngommiselo wokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho ofana nalowo uvunyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela okhuthaza uncedo ekufumaneni nasekufakweni kwezixhobo, umbane ovela kwiiphaneli ubiza ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunoko sihlawula ngoku.
Kutheni le nto uRhulumente efuna ukuxhasa iinkampani ezinkulu zombane?
Imibutho emininzi yabathengi iyakhumbula ukuba "nangona isenokuvakala ukuba idemagogic kwaye ilula" - ukuba iingcango ezijikelezayo, xa ezopolitiko ehamba esidlangalaleni esiya ngasese, azikhawulelwanga kumatyala aziwayo kwezona zikhundla ziphezulu, ezinje ngobudlelwane balowo wayesakuba ngumongameli zikarhulumente UFelipe Gonzalez ngeGesi yendalo uFenosa, okanye uJosé María Aznar kunye no-Endesa, kodwa ke kukho umtya opheleleyo wezikhundla zolawulo oluphakathi ezibalela kuloo minyango ukuqhubeka ijika.
Kodwa ukongeza, uxela, uRhulumente uyakhusela ukuba "izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngokubonelela ngombane, kufuneka zinakekelwe ziinkampani ezinkulu, kwaye kufuneka Iintshatsheli ezinkulu zaseSpain ukuba nobunzima emhlabeni nokuba uqoqosho lwethu luyasebenza. Oko kwenzeka ngokuqinisekisa ukuba kwintengiso ebanjiweyo, banengeniso eyoneleyo ukuze bangaphulukani nonyawo kukhuphiswano olunamandla abalugcinayo kunye neenkampani ezifanayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi. »
Ingxaki ye-boom
Njengoko kuchaziwe ziingcali ezininzi:
"Ingxaki kwiinkampani zombane kukuba batyale kakhulu kwizityalo zomjikelo odibeneyo, imveliso yemveliso esebenzisa igesi ukuvelisa umbane. Ezi zityalo, ngenxa yengxaki, zisebenza iiyure ezingama-800-1.000 ngonyaka, xa ziya kuba ziiyure ezingama-5.000-6.000. Ukuba ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa bekuvunyelwe ngemigaqo efanelekileyo, hayi kuba iyayithanda kodwa ayiyenzakalisi, endaweni yokusebenza iiyure ezingama-800 bebezakusebenza i-100, kwaye ke ngela nangoku nzima ngakumbi ukubuyela kutyalo-mali olukhulu abalwenzileyo »
Ngaba abamelwane bethu baseYurophu banerhafu yelanga?
Njengoko ukhumbula i Umanyano lweSpanish Photovoltaic (Engafakwanga). ISpain lilizwe elinelanga elininzi, apho limema khona ukuba liphakamise olu hlobo lwamandla, kuphela kwelizwe apho kulungiselelwa umgaqo "ukuze ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa (irhafu yelanga) kungaphuhlisi.
Photshugo
Ngaphandle kokuya phambili, ummelwane wethu iPortugal «ivumela ukuphuculwa kokuzisebenzisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1MW ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwerhafu kunye nemali eseleyo yenziwa ngokuhlawula ixabiso Intsalela yamandla ngama-90% exabiso lentengiso »
EFransi
E-France ithathe isigqibo sokubheja kumandla e-photovoltaic. Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sokuphindaphinda kathathu amandla e-photovoltaic nge-2023, umlawuli wamandla waseFrance waseCRE udibanise uninzi Ithenda yeeprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo Ukuzisebenzisela ukuthengisa.
Esi sicwangciso siquka iiprojekthi ezinokuthathwa njengobungakanani obuphakathi, nomthamo ophakathi kwe-100 kW kunye ne-500 kW. Ukufikelela kuncedo, abanini bofakelo kufuneka izisebenzisele ngaphezulu kwe-50% yamandla avelisiweyo, Ukuthengisa okuseleyo kwinkampani yombane kawonke-wonke ka-EDF. Ezi ntengiso ziya kukhuthazwa ngoncedo olongezelelekileyo lwee-euro ezingama-50 ngeyure ye-megawatt kwesi sigaba sokuqala, ukuya ezantsi kwi-40 kwifowuni yokugqibela yesicwangciso ngo-2020.
Alemania
EJamani, iinkampani ezinkulu zombane ezinje nge-EON zikhuthaza ukuzisebenzisela abathengi bazo. Ukusukela ngo-Epreli odlulileyo, abathengi bayo bazokwazi ukuvelisa amandla elanga kwaye bayigcine ngaphandle komda, bayisebenzise kamva nanini na kwaye nangayiphi na indlela abafuna ngayo. Inkonzo ibizwa Ilifu leSolarAbavelisi bamandla elanga baya kuba nakho ukugcina inani elingenamda kwiakhawunti yombane ebonakalayo kwaye bayisebenzise kuyo xa beyifuna.
Okwangoku akukho ntlawulo
Ingxabano enjalo engento. Irhafu yelanga edumileyo ebesithetha ngayo kweli nqaku, iphunyezwe ekupheleni kuka-2015 ayisetyenziswa.
Kubonakala ngathi owayesakuba yintloko yomgaqo-nkqubo wezamandla kaRhulumente wayengenalo ixesha lokugqibezela uphuhliso lolawulo olufunwa kukusetyenziswa kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo. Irhafu kufakelo lwe-photovoltaic Yokuhlala uqhagamshele kwinethiwekhi yonikezelo.
Ngokomlawuli-jikelele we-UNEF: Umthetho werhafu yelanga uvunyiwe, kodwa imiyalelo yomphathiswa eza kuphuhlisa imeko yesiqhelo iyasilela. Yiyo loo nto urhulumente engekahlawulisi hayi iyuro Irhafu yelanga. Ukongeza, inkcaso izama ukuqiniseka ukuba awusebenzi loo mthetho ukuthintela ukuba uye phambili.
Ngapha koko, loo rhafu yayikukucoca ikhekhe yezicucu eqalwe liqela elidumileyo ngo-2010, elishiya amandla ahlaziyekayo ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwemithombo yamandla. iibhonasi zemveliso. Oko kusikwa ngesiquphe kukhubaze ukukhula kweetekhnoloji ezicocekileyo kwaye, ngakumbi, iifotovoltaics kunye nokuzisebenzisa kombane.