Kwezolimo ziyasetyenziswa izixa ezikhulu zeekhemikhali ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokukhula kwezityalo, ukwandisa isivuno ukuthintela izitshabalalisi, ukhula, njl. Kuyo yonke le misebenzi imichiza ilahlwa kwizityalo. Ezi khemikhali ziwela emhlabeni kwaye ziyifunxe. Into abaninzi abangayicingeliyo kukuba ezi khemikhali zinitrojini ziphela zingcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba esiphuma kuwo.
Ezona ziqendu zemvula zinzima, njengale sinazo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, zithwala izixa ezikhulu zezi khemikhali ziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Ezi khemikhali zihlanjwe kwi-Mar Menor. Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunqanda ukurhuqela echibini?
Iikhemikhali zivaliwe yi-European Union
Imichiza elahlwa kwezolimo ngamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, amayeza okubulala ukhula, izichumisi eziphilayo okanye izongezo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Zonke ezi khemikhali zinetyhefu kwimpilo yabantu kwaye ziye zavalwa yi-European Union. Kule meko, ngenxa yeemvula ezinkulu ezibarhuqele kwi-Mar Menor, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba bacele ulawulo kumthombo wokusetyenziswa kwabo ukunqanda ukufika koku kungcola kwi-Mar Menor.
Uphononongo lwenziwe kubukho kunye nokusasazwa kwendawo kunye nokusasazwa kwamaxesha okubulala izitshabalalisi kwizitshabalalisi zolwandle zase Mar Maror ngo 2009 nango 2010 kunye nefuthe lemvula ezinkulu. Zenziwe ngabaphandi abavela kwi- Iziko lase-Oceanographic laseMurcia, uRuben Moreno-González kunye noVíctor Manuel León. Ngapha koko, olu phando lupapashiwe kwi INzululwazi yezeNdalo noPhando ngoNgcoliseko NgoJanuwari we-2017.
Olu phononongo lwenza iinzame ezinkulu zokwazi imvelaphi yezi zinambuzane kwaye ziqikelele ukujikeleza kwazo kwimeko zemvula. Emva kohlalutyo lwemvelaphi yezibulali zinambuzane ezifika kwichweba, kugqitywe kwelokuba uninzi lwezi zinambuzane zingena i-boulevard eyaziwayo yase-El Albujón, emva kweziqendu zemvula enkulu.
Zithini kanye kanye iikhemikhali ezilahliweyo kwi-Mar Menor?
Uphononongo luqhube uhlalutyo olunzulu lwazo zonke ezi khemikhali zisetyenziswa kwezolimo, kodwa ezi ziphelela eMar Menor ngenxa yokurhuqa kwemvula. Phakathi kwezinto eziye zahlalutywa, amanqanaba aphezulu e terbutylazine, chlorpyrifos kunye ne-tributylphosphate.
I-Terbutylazine yintsholongwane yokulawula ukhula, kuluhlu lwabamnyama yi ISTAS Izinto ezinomonakalo omkhulu kwimpilo nakwimeko yokusingqongileyo, zibangelwa yi-carcinogenic, inetyhefu yokuzala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ukukhuthaza, i-neurotoxic kunye ne-bioaccumulative. Kuhlalutyo, i-terbutylazine yafunyanwa ukuba idlule kumgangatho womgangatho wokusingqongileyo we-chlorpyrifos. Esi sisibulali zinambuzane se-organophosphate esisetyenziswa kwezolimo siyityhefu kwimpilo yabantu nakwizinto eziphila emanzini, kwaye sikwabandakanyiwe kuluhlu olumnyama lwe-ISTAS Ukongeza ekungavunyelweni yi-biocide yi-EU.
Le herbicide ihlanjwa ngamanzi iziqendu ezinemvula kwaye ifikelela eMar Menor ngomjelo wamanzi weSalasas de San Pedro, ngemilomo yeRamblas yase-El Albujón, iMiranda kunye neLa Maraña kunye nonxweme lwaseLa Hita.
Enye imichiza efunyenweyo efikelela kwi-Mar Menor yile inkcubeko phosphate. Sisongezo esisetyenziswe kwiinjini moya kwaye sikwasetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi. Akuvunyelwe yi-ISTAS ngokuba yi-neurotoxic. Kukwaphantsi kovavanyo kwimingcipheko yezempilo. Ingena kwi-Mar Menor ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kwimizi-mveliso, kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okanye kwezomkhosi.
Sithintela njani ukuba ezi zinto zingcolisayo zingafikeleli kwi-Mar Menor?
Ukuthintela ungcoliseko ekufikeleleni kwi-Mar Menor, Kufuneka ilawulwe kumthombo wayo. Ukugxininiswa kwezi zinto kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, isiphumo esidityanisiweyo esinazo phakathi kwazo kufuneka silawulwe. Oko kukuthi, isambuku sezi khemikhali singcolisa ngaphezulu ngakumbi kunesinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusebenzisana.
Olona galelo lubalaseleyo kwezi zingcolisayo kwichweba yile Umphezulu obaleka kumanzi emvula, ngamanzi acocwa emhlabeni nangokubekwa komhlaba.
Ukutshabalalisa esi sisongelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-chlorpyrifos kunye ne-terbutylazine kunye nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane kwiingcongolo zeMar Menor naseCampo de Cartagena kufuneka kungavunyelwa ngokomthetho
Icebo lokucoca ulusu olujikelezayo luya kuba ngumdla wokugcina la manzi, ubuncinci, kwaye aphucule impilo yelibi.