Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile ngoYehova Ihlathi laseAmazon Ivela kumphunga weplanethi. Lilelona hlathi likhulu ehlabathini kunye nokwandiswa kwalo kugubungela ukuya kumazwe ali-9 ane-5 km500,000 yeqweqwe lehlathi. Obu bungakanani bubukhulu bayo bokuba ukuba sidibanisa onke amahlathi akweleenjiko ngexesha elinye, ihlathi elinamanzi laseAmazon likhulu kakhulu. Ukubaluleka kwayo akuxhomekekanga ekubeni ngumphaphu weplanethi, kodwa kukuba kukwikhaya lamawaka eentlobo zezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nemithi, ke ukubaluleka kwayo kungenxa yokuba lihlathi elinezinto ezininzi eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke. .
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nehlathi laseAmazon, ukubaluleka kwalo kunye nendima yalo ekulawuleni imozulu yeplanethi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon lifumaneka kuMzantsi Merika kwaye ine-5.500.000 yeekhilomitha zotyani. Isitya seAmazon likhaya lamahlathi kwaye sikhulu kancinci, sigubungela ngaphezulu kwe-7 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Isitya sokuhlambela yindawo engena kuMlambo iAmazon, oko kuthetha ukuba ekugqibeleni amanzi asuka kwisitya sokugqibela angena kuMlambo iAmazon.
Ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lwamahlathi lukhulu kakhulu, amahlathi emvula aseAmazon anabaleka kumazwe alithoba eMzantsi Merika. Oku kubandakanya iBrazil nge-60% yamahlathi emvula, iPeru nge-13% yamahlathi, iColombia nge-10% kunye ne-17% eseleyo kwi IVenezuela, iEcuador, iBolivia, iGuyana, iSuriname kunye neFrench Overseas Territory yeFrench Guiana.
Ime phakathi kweTropic yoMhlaza kunye neTropic yaseCapricorn, i-ikhweyitha, kunye nomgca wentelekiso obaleka phakathi kwawo, uwuguqule ube lihlathi elinemvula "elishushu". Indawo phakathi kwale migca mibini ibizwa ngokuba yi-tropics, kungoko igama lehlathi elinemvula.
Imozulu yehlathi elinemvula laseAmazon
Amahlathi emvula angamaxesha emvula unyaka wonke. Kwihlathi elinemvula laseAmazon akukho maxesha onyaka anje ngehlobo, ubusika, ukuwa kunye nentwasahlobo. Wonke umhlaba kunye nohlaza phakathi kwetropiki awanawo la maxesha onyaka.
Endaweni yoko, amahlathi emvula bafumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angama-26-30 ° C unyaka wonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba umgca wentelekelelo weikhweyitha uchaphazela ubude bemini ngeeyure ezili-12 zokukhanya kwelanga unyaka wonke. Ke ngoko, kukho ukubonelelwa okuqhubekayo kokukhanya kwelanga, eliyinxalenye ephambili yefotosinthesisi kwaye ikhanyisa amahlathi emvula unyaka wonke.
Ngokubanzi, yile nto ibangela ubushushu kwiitropiki ukusuka kubuncinci be-22 ukuya kwi-34 degrees. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenqanaba lokufuma rhoqo, ihlathi ubukhulu becala lifumile. Ngenxa yekhenophi enkulu yehlathi le ngaphezulu kwama-390 ezigidi zemithi, Umoya uziva uyasinda kwaye ufumile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungene ehlathini kunzima.
Inkqubo yendalo yehlathi laseAmazon
Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon lineyona ndawo inintsi ehlabathini. Le ecosystem isondliwa nguMlambo omkhulu iAmazon, othe nca kumawakawaka eekhilomitha kwaye sisiseko esiphambili sendalo. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwisitya ngama-26 degrees, kwaye ukufuma kunye nemvula zanele, nefuthe ngqo kwindalo.
Le mozulu ishushu kwaye ifumile ibuchaphazele ubukho beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana, isenza amahlathi elona nani likhulu leentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, kubandakanya nezona zisengozini yokuphela. Ngapha koko, ayisiyondawo yezilwanyana zasendle kuphela, kodwa ikwangabantu base-Aboriginal abahlala ehlathini.
Inkqubo yendalo esehlathini inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba inceda ukulawula ikhabhon yomoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Oku kungenxa yesitya seAmazon, apho inokufunxa ukuya kuthi ga ngaphezulu kweshumi ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngonyaka ekusebenziseni amafutha kwiplanethi iphela. Yintoni egqithisile, ihlathi lizinzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela landisa isivuno esifanelekileyo sezityalo kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ihlathi elinemvula linceda ukugcina umjikelo wamanzi ngokuphefumla kwaye kunceda amafama akude nehlathi. Ngokwandisa ukufuma okuphezulu emoyeni, izehlo zembalela ziyancitshiswa.
Yonke le ecosystem kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kunciphisa ukumpompoza kwamanzi, kuthintela izikhukula. Oku kubangelwe kukuzinza komhlaba nokubambelela kweebhiliyoni zeengcambu zomthi ehlathini. Amahlathi nawo achaphazela iipatheni zemvula, ngenxa yoko iindawo ezingamawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlulwa kwamanzi zifumana imvula eninzi unyaka wonke.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi yenye yezona ngxaki zinkulu ezijamelene nehlathi laseAmazon. Ngokwumbutho wezoLimo lokutya (FAO), malunga nama-50% okhuselo lwamahlathi ehlabathi atshatyalalisiwe. Izizathu eziphambili zokuba iAmazon ichaphazeleke ngale ndlela ziindawo zokuhlala kwabantu kunye nokukhangela umhlaba wokuxhatshazwa kwezolimo.
Umhlaba ojikeleze nakuphi na ukuntywila kwamanzi uhlala ulungele ezolimo kuba unomxholo owaneleyo wezondlo kunye nokuchuma komhlaba. Ngokukwanjalo, ubukho beqweqwe lehlathi liguqulela kumgangatho ongcono womhlaba ngokubhekisele kwi-humus kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.
Umgangatho wehlathi uchumile kwaye unefuthe lokuthintela. Ukuchuma komhlaba kwiAmazon kuncipha ngokulula ngexesha elifutshane, kusenza ukuba ukulima entsimini kube nzima kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba umhlaba oyisanti ubhityile kwaye ke awulungelanga ezolimo.
Ngenxa yoku, abalimi bayaqhubeka nokukhangela iindawo ezintsha ehlathini ukuze baqhubeke nokufumana izityalo ezilungileyo kakhulu, zikhokelela ekuqhubekeni kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokonakaliswa. Ngesi sizathu, amahlathi emvula aseAmazon ajongene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuphindwe kabini kunamanye amahlathi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda okuninzi malunga nehlathi laseAmazon, iimpawu zalo kunye nokubaluleka kweplanethi.