Yonke iPortugal isebenzele iintsuku ezine ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kokokuqala ukuba ilizwe eliphuhlileyo lisebenzise kuphela amandla omoya, amanzi kunye nelanga ixesha elide. ukondla igridi yombane iphela. I-United Kingdom ne-Jamani zenze iinzame ezifanayo, kodwa zakwazi ukugcina isitokhwe kuphela Kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-74,7% yemveliso yesizwe yamandla avela amandla angengawo amandulo, ikakhulu isuka emanzini (44,1%) yetotali, ilandelwa ngumoya (25,6%) kunye nebiomass (4%), okokuqala, imveliso yelanga idlule kwi-1% yetotali, ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kuMbutho waMandla aVuselelekayo ePortugal.
Amandla e-Hydric okwangoku yeyona nto ininzi, nangona izokwehla, kuba kunjalo amaziko amadala nangokubanakho ukuxhatshazwa. Ixesha elizayo lelomoya, itekhnoloji ephucule kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, kungoku ngexabiso eliphantsi xa kujongwa iprojekthi entsha yokuvelisa umbane.
Ngokwenkampani kaRhulumente i-EDP, amandla omoya angabizi kakhulu kunalawo ezinye eziqhelekileyoezifana negesi yendalo okanye amalahle. Ikamva likwase-solar, nangona iindleko zotyalo-mali zelanga ziphezulu kuba zingenakusebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, nangona ukuphucuka okukhulu kokusebenza kweepaneli kuya kuvumela ukufakwa kwayo okukhulu kule minyaka izayo.
Okwangoku, kwaye xa sithetha ngemali, ummi akaxhamli ukuba umbane uvela ekuthengeni amalahle okanye ioyile okanye kwindalo. Umthetho osayilwayo wombane wamaPhuthukezi, emva kwalowo waseJamani, eyona ibiza kakhulu eYurophu, kunye nomthwalo werhafu wama-42%, kuphela phezulu kunalawo amaDanes namaJamani, ngokweenkcukacha ze-Eurostat. Ingxaki kukuba sithelekisa amandla okuthenga amaPhuthukezi kunye nesiDanish okanye isiJamani.
Ngaphandle kwamalungelo amaninzi endalo, izinto ezivuselelekayo zihlala kubemi basemaphandleni. Ngokubanzi, izibonelelo zihlala zakhiwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, apho zikhona ukwanda komoya okanye izibonelelo zamanzi. Le nyani iphucula uqoqosho lwasemaphandleni ngokwenziwa kwemisebenzi, ukuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso nokwanda kokuqokelelwa kwerhafu.
I-EDPR, ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wamandla esizwe, uphuhlisa iifama zomoya ukusukela ngo-1996, ikomkhulu layo laseYurophu eMadrid, kunye nenye iofisi eHouston lawula iimpahla zakho eUnited States naseKhanada. Inemvume yokuphuhlisa iifama zomoya ezingaselunxwemeni eBrazil nasePortugal.
Utshintsho kwimveliso yamandla ePortugal belunzulu kakhulu kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo. Ngo-1980 yayilelinye lawona mazwe aseYurophu angcolisa amandla, kanye ngowama-27 kumazwe angama-30, ngokophando olwenziwe IYurophu Idiry 30, ngenxa ye- Sines isityalo thermoelectric. Kodwa sele ikho ngo-2004, iPortugal yayifezekisile ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zokusetyenziswa kwayo yayingamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngelixa eSpain kwakungekho kwi-8%.
I-European watchdog i-KeepOnTrack iyakhumbula ukuba iPortugal ilahlekelwe ngumphunga kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo kwinkqubo yayo yokutshintsha izinto zokubasa kwaye, ukuba iyaqhubeka ngoluhlobo, ayizukufezekisa injongo yomyalelo wase-Europe ukuze nge-2020 31% yokusetyenziswa kwayo ndinamandla zivela kwimithombo engeyiyo yefosili.
Iifama zomoya ezingaselunxwemeni ePortugal
Eyokuqala ifama yomoya yonxweme usingasiqithi weIberia sele eyinyani kodwa phambi konxweme lwe Viana do Castelo, kumhlaba wamaPhuthukezi, ziikhilomitha ezingama-60 ukusuka kumda weGalicia. Yindlela entsha yokubheja yelizwe elingummelwane kumandla ahlaziyekayo, intsimi apho IPortugal ilunge ngaphezu kwethu, ngaphandle kwento yokuba iSpain ligunya lehlabathi ngokubhekisele kumandla omoya -i -restrestri- ichaphazelekayo.
Indida yaseSpain
Kwimeko yamandla omoya aselunxwemeni, indida yaseSpain iyonke. Kwilizwe lethu azikho iifama zomoya "ezingaselunxwemeni", ezinye zeeprototypes zovavanyo. Y Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zethu ziinkokeli zehlabathi nakweli teknoloji. Akukho megawatt ingena kwinethiwekhi yaseSpain isuka elwandle xa ise-United Kingdom Iberdrola isungule iifama zomoya ezininzi, ezinjenge-West off Duddon Sands (389 MW), sele isakhiwa eJamani kwaye yanikezela (kwakhona e-United Kingdom) i-East Anglia One (714 MW), eyona projekthi inkulu yaseSpain kwimbali yecandelo ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukongeza kwi-Iberdrola, iinkampani ezifana ne-Ormazabal okanye i-Gamesa nazo ziimpawu zokulinganisa.