Ukusuka phantse akukho fakelo lwe-photovoltaic ukuya kwangoko kweli shumi kuqikelelo oluqinisekisa ngaphezulu kwe-40 GW efakiweyo ukugqitywa. Le yipanorama ebonakala phambi kwamehlo abaqwalaseli besi sithuba sendawo sibanzi, esigubungela ummandla wonke osemazantsi eRio Grande - omnye wemida yemida phakathi kweUnited States neMexico- kunye nomazantsi eChile. IMexico, iBrazil kunye neChile zikhokelela kule «fashoni eluhlaza", kodwa iArgentina neColombia kulindeleke ukuba bajoyine kungekudala.
Ingxelo yoPhando lwe-GTM, enesihloko esithi Manual de la Fotovoltaica de América Latina, ithi ngaphandle kokufikelela kula mandla sele ekhankanyiwe, kulo nyaka kulindeleke ukuba le ngingqi inyuse isabelo sayo semfuno zehlabathi Amandla e-photovoltaic ngaphezulu kwe-6,2%, iphezulu kakhulu kunale ibonwe kunyaka ophelileyo xa ibingu-2,4%.
Kukho amanqaku aliqela akhankanyiweyo athethelela isiseko sale boom enkulu yeli lizwe kummandla: ukuhla kwexabiso lamandla elanga kwiifandesi zaseLatin American; ukuqala kwangoko kwezityalo ezininzi ezazisakhiwa eChile, eMexico naseBrazil; ukuba phantse isiqingatha se-Latin American photovoltaics siyakufakelwa kulo nyaka eMexico, kwaye i-Latin America izakufikelela kwi-10% yemfuno yelizwe yamandla elanga ngo-2020.
Ukuwa kwexabiso le-photovoltaic
Isizukulwane esasazwayo sifumana isabelo sentengiso ngakumbi nangakumbi I-Latin American photovoltaic, egxile eMexico naseBrazil, apho i-metering net kunye nezinye izikhuthazo zisebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kuvela kumaziko amakhulu apho imakethi iqhutywa khona ngenxa yokuhla kwexabiso ngokukhawuleza.
Ifandesi yamandla ebibanjelwe eChile ngo-Agasti ophelileyo inokubonisa ukutshintsha. Apho kufikelelwe kwisiseko esitsha sehlabathi, nge-29 yeedola ngeegawathi (US $ MWh) Kuncede kakhulu ukuba u-2016 ibingunyaka onemvula encinci, okubangele ukwehla kokuveliswa kombane kunye nexabiso eliphezulu eliphakathi kwigridi yombane. Ikomeleze ukuzithemba kwabanye abaphuhlisi beprojekthi ukuze bafumane izibonelelo ezingcono kwiiprojekthi ezizayo.
EMexico, apho bekuthandabuzwa ukuba ilanga lingakhuphisana namanye amandla ahlaziyekayo kwixabiso, lUkufikelela kumanqanaba efotovoltaic asezantsi njenge-33 u $ s MWh. Kananjalo akufuneki siyilibale i-El Salvador, apho amaxabiso ebehle kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, nalapho i-photovoltaics idlule khona namandla omoya. Eli qela lidityaniswe neArgentina, apho iithenda zeNkqubo yokuQinisa ngokutsha ezikhuthazwe nguRhulumente zinikezela amabhaso Iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic eziphakathi kwe-60 u $ s MWhIxabiso elilindeleke ukuba lincitshiswe lide lifike kwi-50 u $ s MWh kolandelayo, iifowuni ezisondeleyo zeebidi.
Amaxabiso asezantsi nawo a ukukhubazeka kubaphuhlisiigcinwe kwingxelo yeGTM, kuba izama ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ngenqanaba eliphantsi lokubuya. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba ukwaziswa kohlaziyo lwerhafu, intsebenziswano neebhanki zophuhliso kunye nemali yeeprojekthi ezithile ezinokuhlaziywa, kunye nokubuyiselwa koqoqosho kwinqanaba elibanzi, kunceda ukugcina utyalo-mali lwengingqi kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2017.
Amazwe akhokele phambili
Yonke le panorama yokuhla kwamaxabiso kubuchwephesha be-photovoltaic kunye nokonyuka ngaxeshanye kwimfuno yombane, kukhokelele kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi ezininzi, kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokwenza, dIsuka kwisivumelwano ukuya kwisigaba ngaphambi kokungena ekusebenzeni.
I-Chile okwangoku iyinkokeli ye-photovoltaics efakiweyo kwiLatin America, ngokweNgxelo yoPhando lwe-GTM, nge-1.807 MW isebenza, i-3.250 MW isakhiwa kunye ne-2.680 MW ikhontrakthi, Nangona ezi zedatha eyahlukileyo kuleyo ibonelelwe kwincwadana yeendaba yakutshanje ngumbutho wamandla ahlaziyiweyo eChile (ACERA), ebeka loo manani kwi-1.673 MW esebenzayo kunye ne-1.219 MW xa kusakhiwa. Ngokomhlalutyi wecandelo kunye nombhali wengxelo uManan Parikh, lo iya kuba ngumnyaka onzima, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yento awayeyibiza ngokuba "ngumnatha osele uxakekile."
Ikwaqinisekisa ukuba iMexico Unesikhundla esiphakamileyo se-photovoltaic kummandla wonke, ngaphezulu kwe-4 GW yamandla elanga kude kube li-2018-2019 biennium, ekujoliswe kuko okucwangcisiweyo kokuthatha inxaxheba kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kumxube we-25% ngowama-2018, ama-30% ngowama-2021 nama-35% ngowama-2024.
Ityala laseBrazil lineempawu ezizodwa. Nangona ilizwe lihamba ngenkqubo ye- ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, kulindeleke ukuba ihlale phakathi kweqela elikhokelela kwilanga kwingingqi. Okwangoku, ngokwe-GTM, imakethi yokuthengisa imifanekiso yaseBrazil yongeze i-267 MW kumthamo we-photovoltaic ngo-2016, nangona kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba idatha esemthethweni ikhankanyiweUmzekelo, iNyanga yokuBeka iliso kwiNkqubo yoMbane kaJanuwari ophelileyo, epapashwe nguMphathiswa Wezemigodi Namandla (MME), kukho ama-83 MW aqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ngelixa kusasazwa isizukulwane, ngokomthombo ofanayo, bekukho kwinyanga enye kukhankanywe i-57 MW. Nokuba kunjalo, ingxelo ibonisa ukuba ilizwe liza kuphulukana nomhlaba kungekudala ngokubhekisele kubamelwane ukuba zendlela Imikhwa yakutshanje kuqoqosho nakwimfuno azibuyiswa.
I-10% kunye ne-2020
Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, ingxelo yoPhando lwe-GTM ithi "imakethi yaseLatin American isendleleni yokukhula ngokucacileyo", kunye noqikelelo lwe-41 GW yemfuno yamandla efotovoltaic efakwe phakathi kuka-2016 no-2021. Ufakelo lonyaka lusendleleni eya Ukuphindaphinda kwangelo xesha linye, ke ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi kulindeleke ukuba ILatin America imele i-10% yebango lehlabathi le-photovoltaic energy.
Ewe kunjalo, ingxelo irekhoda isibini seempembelelo ezimbi: kwelinye icala, Ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zenqanaba eliphantsi lokubuya kunokuhlala kungumqobo kubaphuhlisi; kwelinye, ukwehla kweemali eMexico naseBrazil nako kunokuchaphazela imeko eyahlukileyo.
I-Boom eMexico
Kunyaka ophelileyo, iMexico yaqala inkqubo yeefandesi zamandla ahlaziyekayo abaluleke kakhulu, into ephawuleka kwilizwe elathi ngexesha amashumi eminyaka ibingomnye wabadlali ababalulekileyo kwicandelo lemveliso yeoyile.
Kule meko, bekukho amathandabuzo malunga nokuba ingaba esi sicelo sotshintsho samandla siya kuba luncedo kwi-photovoltaics, ukuba nje iya kuba nakho ukukhuphisana neminye imithombo yamandla efana nomoya kunye negesi yendalo. Kodwa ezi nkxalabo zabekelwa bucala xa iziphumo zeefandesi ngoMatshi nangoSeptemba kunyaka ophelileyo zaphela mnyama kumhlophe. I-PV ivele njengoyena mntu uphumeleleyo, ophumeleleyo kuzo zombini, nge-4,2 GW yomthamo ngamaxabiso asezantsi njenge- $ 33 ngeyure ye-megawatt.
Ezinye izinto zinceda ukuba nethemba malunga nelizwe laseMntla Melika. Umzekelo, unikeze ifandesi eyenziwe zizinto zombane, kwaye ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa, kuxhaswe kutshanjeImilinganiselo emitsha yokubala imitha kunye nokuhlawula.
Umthombo wenqaku: http://america.energias-renovables.com/fotovoltaica/el-boom-fotovoltaico-20170421