Xa ufunda eyahlukileyo iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwaye ezona mpawu zayo zibhekisa kwikota I-niche yendalo. Ingumbono osetyenziswa kwicandelo lendalo kwaye usebenza ukuchaza iqhinga elithile elisetyenziswa zizilwanyana ukuze ziphile kwindalo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga niche yendalo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kuphuhliso lwezilwanyana nezityalo.
Yintoni i-niche yendalo
Xa singabhekiseli kwindalo esingqongileyo, kukho iikhonsepthi ezininzi ezinemiba eyahlukeneyo ekunzima ukwahlula abantu abafunda okusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo xa kufikwa ekuchazeni la magama, anokuyazi kodwa ngaphandle kweli gama. Ngokwesiqhelo indawo yokuhlala yohlobo oluthile indawo apho kufumaneka khona iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ezekhemikhali kunye nezokusingqongileyo apho iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana nezityalo zihlala khona. Le ndawo yokuhlala yindawo apho banokubuphucula khona ubomi babo kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zabo zomzimba.
Xa sithetha ngendalo yendalo, asibhekiseli kwicebo lokusinda eliqeshwe luhlobo oluthile ngaphakathi ukondla, ukukhuphisana nezinye iintlobo zokutya kunye nommandla, thintela ukuhlaselwa, ukufihla, ukuvelisa, njl. Ngamanye amagama, singatsho ukuba i-niche ye-ecological sisicwangciso esisetyenziswa zizidalwa eziphilayo ukuze zikwazi ukuphila phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kwaye kukho ezinye iintlobo eziphilayo.
Iindidi ze-niche yendalo
Uninzi lwezilwanyana zisebenzisa intsimi ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa imikhwa ethile ebanceda baphumelele ngcono. I-niche ye-ecological yenza esona sicwangciso silungileyo sokufumana ukutya kunye nokhuseleko oluyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukuphuhlisa nokuzala. Uhlobo ngalunye lune-niche yayo yendalo kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Zishwankathelwe kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-niche yendalo:
- Isiseko okanye amandla: Kule meko, i-niche yendalo ithathela ingqalelo kuphela imeko yomzimba kunye nokusingqongileyo apho kufuneka yahlule khona iintlobo. Oko kukuthi, sithetha ngendawo apho kuhlala khona iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye neemeko ekufuneka bezilungiselele ukuze baphile. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu, imvula, ubungakanani bemitha yelanga, umhlaba wejoloji, iindawo zokufihla, ubukho bezilwanyana ezizingelayo kunye nexhoba, njl.
- Imali okanye yokwenene: olu hlobo lwe-niche ye-ecology yile ecinga ngeemeko apho olunye uhlobo kufuneka luxhomekeke kwezinye. Kulapho lonke ubudlelwane phakathi kwamarhamncwa kunye nexhoba lihlalutyiweyo kubunzulu.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendalo yendalo kunye nendawo yokuhlala
Ekuqaleni kwenqaku sichaze inkcazo yendawo yokuhlala kuba inolwalamano olukhulu kunye niche yendalo yohlobo. Siyazi ukuba indawo yokuhlala yindawo esingqongileyo egcina izinto eziphilayo zendalo ezihlala kuyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sinokuthi indawo yokuhlala kunye niche yendalo zihambelana kakhulu ne-ecosystem.
Sichaza inkqubo ye-ecosystem eqhelekileyo eyenziwe luluntu lwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaba Uluntu lwezinto eziphilayo ngokunxulumene nendalo esingqongileyo yaziwa ngokuba yi-biocenosis. Ubudlelwane bonke bezinto eziphilayo kunye nendalo esingqongileyo baziwa ngokuba yi-biotope. Kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zinokuhlala kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Kungenxa yokuba i-niche ye-ecological yendima eyidlalayo ngabantu abohlukeneyo bohlobo kwindalo nganye.
Ukunika imizekelo sinokuthi imisebenzi enezinto eziphilayo ezinazo kwindalo yendalo. Umzekelo, kukho izilwanyana ezinendawo yazo impova, abanye bangabaqwengayo, abanye bokubola, amarhamncwa, amaxhobanjl. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi walo ngaphakathi kwendalo kwaye ngokudibeneyo bayakufezekisa oko kwaziwa njengokulinganisela kwendalo. Oku kulungelelaniswa kwendalo yinto evumela ubomi ukuba bukhule njengoko sibazi. Ikwayiloo nto evumela ubukho betyathiki kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo.
Ukuba akunjalo ngezo ntlobo zezilwanyana, iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokukhula ngamanani amakhulu ngaphandle kwemida. Yile ndlela amarhamncwa alawula ngayo amaxhoba kwaye, ngokulandelelana, nenani lezityalo ezizityayo. Yiyo loo nto imvelaphi yamatyathanga e-trophic. izityalo zinjalo ikhonkco lokuqala kwityathanga lokutya njengoko befuna kuphela amanzi kunye namandla elanga ukuze baphumelele. Izityalo ezitya utyani obutyiwayo zezi zitya ezi zityalo kwaye zitya izilwanyana ezitya kwezi zidla utyani. Ngaphandle kwezilwanyana ezitya inyama, izilwanyana ezitya uhlaza ziya kubulala zonke izityalo esele zikhona kwaye ziphazamise ukutya okuseleyo.
Ngale ndlela uncedo lwezilwanyana ezitya inyama lilawula kuphela inani lezilwanyana ezitya utyani kwaye zona, zona, zezabo balawula abantu bezilwanyana ezitya inyama. Nangona kunjalo, into enokwenzeka kwindalo efanayo kukuba kukho iindidi ezinendawo efanayo yendalo. Oku kuvelisa into eyaziwa ngokuba kukhuphiswano lwe-interspecific.
U mzekelo
Siza kunika imizekelo yeendawo zokuhlala kunye niche yendalo yezinye iintlobo.
- Indlulamthi inemihlaba yamadlelo, amahlathi namathafa avulekileyo njengendawo yokuhlala. Ubuncwane bayo bendalo kukondla amagqabi akwiimithi zemithi kwaye ahlala kunye nezinye iintlobo. Iindlulamthi zilwa kuphela xa ukutya kunqabile.
- Iikhangaru zinendawo yazo yokuhlala emathafeni nakwiindawo ezisethafeni. I-niche yayo yendalo iyatyisa kwaye itya ingca kunye neengcambu.
- I-Anaconda eluhlaza ihlala kwindawo enamahlathi ashinyeneyo kwaye indawo yayo kwindalo yayo irhamncwa. Iyakwazi ukondla ezinye izilwanyana okanye izityalo. Bahlala bahlala phantsi emhlabeni kwindawo ezinamanzi kwaye, ke ngoko, banokhuphiswano olungqalileyo neengwenya kunye neengwenya. Olu khuphiswano kukuba bobabini banendawo yokuhlala efanayo kunye nexhoba elifanayo.
- Umsundululu unendawo yokuhlala umhlaba owomileyo onobumba nodongwe oluyisanti. I-niche yayo yendalo iyabola kwaye ibonelela ngomgangatho ongcono emhlabeni. Iintaka, izilwanyana ezincancisayo kunye nezirhubuluzi zisebenza njengokutya, ke ziyinxalenye yokutya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga niche yendalo.