Amandla ahlaziyekayo kuyakufuneka enze indlela yawo kuqoqosho lwethu nakwihlabathi ukuba sifuna ukugcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kwaye singalonyusi utshintsho lwemozulu. Izibonelelo zamandla ahlaziyekayo zininzi ukuba sithathela ingqalelo oko ngophuhliso lobuchwephesha singanciphisa ukusebenza ngokukuko kunye neengxaki zomsebenzi esiqubisene nazo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Zombini umoya kunye namandla elanga ziindidi ezimbini zamandla ezifuna indawo. Ukudalwa kwefama yomoya yonxweme Kufuneka ihlalutywe ukuvavanya iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zibangele imeko-bume yaselwandle kwaye, ke, kujongwe ukuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kunenzuzo kwaye kuzinzile. Iyakuba yintoni imbonakalo yamandla omoya kula mashumi alandelayo eminyaka?
Amandla omoya kunye neefama zomoya
Ngo-2002 iDenmark yasungula isicwangciso sokuthengisa kwifama yokuqala yomoya elunxwemeni. Ukuveliswa kwamandla afakiweyo epakini malunga ne-160 megawatts (MW). Ukuveliswa kweeinjini zomoya ezineeinjini ezinkulu kuseta inqanaba ukuze ekupheleni kuka-2015, inokuvelisa iigigawathi ezili-13 (GW). Ngelixa uninzi lwezityalo ezingaselunxwemeni zibekwe eYurophu, izinto ezintsha zibeka obu buchwephesha njengenye yejenreyitha eziphambili kwihlabathi kwixesha elizayo.
Ndiyabulela kolu tshintsho, i-IRENA ivelise ingxelo malunga nethemba elizayo lamandla omoya kwaye iqikelela ukuba ukuveliswa kwayo inokunyuswa ukusuka kwi-13 GW ukuya kwi-400 GW ngo-2045 ukuba iyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha kwinqanaba langoku kunye nenqanaba. Ukukhula okubonakalayo ayisiyonto enokufezekiswa bonke ubuchwepheshe obuhlaziyiweyo.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya kude nonxweme
Le ngxelo igubungela imiba eyahlukeneyo yamandla omoya nonxweme kunye nezibonelelo zayo. Iqikelela ukuba amandla omoya aselunxwemeni aya kuqhubela phambili ngaphaya kobuchwephesha obuphuhliswayo namhlanje. Ngale ndlela, inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kunye nesiseko se-matrix yamandla ehlabathi kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo.
Kuya kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba ayiyiyo kuphela imveliso yamandla, kodwa icocekile kwaye inamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kufuneka siphawule ukuba ngamandla anokubangela iimpembelelo kwizityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle kwaye kuya kufuneka ziphantsi kovavanyo lwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha kunciphise iindleko kunye nokwanda kweemarike kuqhutywa ngamandla omoya. Onshore, umoya ngoku uye waba yindleko yokukhuphisana nobunye ubuchwephesha bokuvelisa umbane, kwaye ngoku kugxilwe ngakumbi kwizicelo ezingaselunxwemeni ezinokufikelela kwiziza ezinobutyebi obungcono bomoya ophezulu.
I-European Union iseke iinjongo zonyaka we-2020 ezikhuthaza ukutsha kunye nokwenza imveliso yamandla omoya aselunxwemeni. Ngendlela eya kuthi iteknoloji yomoya elunxwemeni iqale ukuba nayo kwaye ifumane ukhuphiswano kwiimarike nxamnye namalahle negesi. Oku kungafezekisa ukuba ngonyaka wama-2030 amandla omoya afikelele kwi-100 GW yamandla afakiweyo kwiplanethi yonke.
Uphucula njani amandla omoya onxweme?
Ukuze sikwazi ukuthi iyasebenza ngakumbi kunaleyo yasemhlabeni, kufuneka sibuyele kumhlaba womhlaba kunye nemimandla yendawo kunye nemiba yetekhnoloji. Uphuhliso oluphawula amandla omoya aselunxwemeni njengenye indlela yamandla okhuphiswano ngala: indawo leyo inokuphucuka ekubambeni imimoya eyomeleleyo kunye nokunceda ukuvelisa amandla amaninzi. Ngokumalunga nemiba yezobuchwephesha, sizifumana sikhulisa iiturbines ezineerotors ezinkulu ezinceda ukuvelisa amandla ngakumbi.
Ngokubhekisele kwiinjini zomoya, okwangoku okusemarikeni ziinjini zomoya ezingaselunxwemeni ezinomthamo we-6 MW, ngobubanzi beRoror obufikelela malunga neemitha ezili-150, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba indaleko yetheyibhile kunye netekhnoloji yokuhambisa ivumele iiturbines ukuba zibe nkulu , nkqu namagunya aphezulu. Ingxelo ibona ukurhweba ngee-10 MW oomatshini bomoya kwii-2020s nakwizi-2030s ze-15 MW ezibonakalayo.
Ngolu phuhliso lobuchwephesha, amandla omoya aya kuba yinxalenye yamandla ahlaziyekayo.