Amandla ahlaziyekayo aphuhliswa ngakumbi yonke imihla kwaye imveliso iyanda, ukuze, ngokuba netekhnoloji ehambele phambili ngakumbi kunye nobunkunkqele, iindleko zabo zemveliso ziyancipha. Ukuhla kwexabiso lamandla elanga kunye nokunyuka kwawo ekusebenzeni kwamandla kuzenza zikhule ngokukhuphisana kwiimarike zamandla zehlabathi.
Ukusukela ngo-2010, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla omoya onshore ziye zehla nge-25%. Amaxabiso amandla elanga enze njalo ngama-73%. Ziya kuhlaziywa nini izinto ezinokukhuphisana ngokupheleleyo?
Ukunciphisa iindleko
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo olutsha lwe I-Arhente yaMazwe aMandla aVuselelekayo (i-IRENA) Izinto ezivuselelekayo zikhula ngezinga elikhawulezayo kwaye ziya kuba nakho ukukhuphisana ngokupheleleyo ngo-2020.
Ingxelo ibonakalisa ukwehla kweendleko kumbane welanga we-photovoltaic, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku amandla anamandla, atshiphu kwaye anokukhuphisana, aya kuthi ancitshiswe ngesiqingatha ngowama-2020. ngeesenti ezintathu kw kWh nganye, xa ngoku bayivelisa ngo-6 no-10.
Iziphumo zamva nje kwifandesi yamandla zicebisa ukuba iindleko zokuveliswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ziya kuncipha njengoko amaxabiso eefossil ebiza kakhulu kwaye ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo buqhubela phambili.
Ingxelo ikwaqaphela ukuba amandla omoya ngoku anekhontrakthi ngesiqhelo iisenti ezi-4 ngeKWh nganye. U-LAmandla akhe aveliswa zizibaso ezinyukayo enyuka kakhulu kangangokuba amaxabiso sele ephakathi kweesenti ezintlanu ukuya kwezili-5 nge-kWh nganye.
“Olu tshintsho lutsha lubonakalisa utshintsho olukhulu kwiparadigm yamandla. Oku kuncitshiswa kweendleko kuzo zonke iitekhnoloji akunakuze kubonwe kwaye zimele inqanaba apho amandla ahlaziyekayo eguqula kwakhona inkqubo yamandla ehlabathi. " Utsho uAdnan Z. Amin, u-CEO we-IRENA.
Ingxelo kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo
Yaziswa ngomhla wokuqala we-VIII IRENA Assembly e-Abu Dhabi, e-United Arab Emirates, ingxelo 'Iindleko zokuhlaziya umbane ngo-2017' ichaza ukuba kukho ubuninzi bemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo, njengamandla e-geothermal, i-bioenergy okanye umbane we-hydroelectric okhuphisane kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo xa ujongene neendleko zokuvelisa umbane kwizibaso.
Ayisiwo kuphela amandla elanga okanye omoya ayimithombo ephambili enokuhlaziywa. Yeyona mithombo yamandla isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kuba kukho umoya nelanga phantse kuzo zonke iindawo (ukuba ayizizo zonke) zeplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amazwe anamanqaku apho umsebenzi we-geothermal mkhulu kakhulu, i-biomass eninzi yenziwa okanye kukho ulwakhiwo njengamanzi okutsiba ekwakhiweni kwamandla e-hydroelectric.
Ngolu phuculo kumaxabiso ahlaziyekayo, kulindeleke ukuba nge-2019 kubekho iiprojekthi ezingcono ezixhotyiswa ngumoya kunye neepaki zelanga kwaye ziya kuvelisa amandla ngeesenti ezi-3 kuphela nge-kWh nganye. Eli lixabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso lezibaso.
Iindleko zokuphinda zihlaziyeke ziyehla kakhulu ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji efezekisiweyo, iinkqubo zokufumana kunye nokuzibophelela kubuchwephesha obucocekileyo, ukusebenza kovavanyo olukhulisa iinkqubo eziphakathi nezikhulu ezinakho ukukhuphisana kwintengiso yehlabathi, njl.
Isigqibo sokukhetha amandla ahlaziyekayo ukufezekisa imfuno yamandla ayisengombandela nje wokunciphisa ungcoliseko, ukuhlonipha okusingqongileyo okanye ukulwa notshintsho lwemozulu, kunokuba, sisigqibo esifanelekileyo xa kufikwa kuqoqosho.
“Oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bayayiqonda le nto kwaye bahambela phambili beya kwii-ajenda zoqoqosho olunekhabhoni esezantsi exhaswa ziinkqubo zamandla ezihlaziyekayo. Silindele ukuba olu tshintsho luzuze amandla, luxhase ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, ukukhula koqoqosho, impilo ephucukileyo, ukomelela kwesizwe kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2018 nangaphaya. ” Umlawuli we-IRENA ucacisa gca.
Yonke imihla izinto ezivuselelekayo ziya zisanda kwiimarike kwaye kungekudala ziya kuba zezona mithombo zamandla ziphambili kwiplanethi.