Muma70s, kufarira kwenzanga kwainge kwakanangana nekukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu pasirese uye nekushushikana kuri kukura kwezvinhu zviwanikwa zviripo kuzadzisa zvido zvakawedzerwa. Nyaya panguva iyoyo yakarasikirwa zvakanyanya kukosha, asi zvakapihwa shanduko yehunyanzvi uye kuwedzera kusingaenzaniswi muhuwandu, inguva yekudzokera kunyaya. Uye ndezvekuti vakatogadziriswa iyo miganho yekukura mushure memafuta epamusoro zvinokonzerwa nekushandisa zvisirizvo kwe natural resources uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta nezvimwe zvisaririra.
Muchinyorwa chino ticha tarisa nezve mamiriro ezvinhu epasi uye hukama pakati pemiganhu yekukura uye kugona kwenzanga kupa huwandu hwevanhu.
Kuwedzera muhuwandu hwepasi rose
Huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mumakumi mana emakore chete. Kunyangwe hurombo huchiranga mamwe matunhu epasi, nzara yakajairika yakadzivirirwa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta. Izvi zvinobvumira zvimwe zvekudya kuti zviwanikwe kunyangwe zvikasvibisa nyika zvakanyanya uye iri kuburitsa zvakashata senge shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Zvekurima zvinoita basa rakakosha mune ese matekiniki ekugadzirwa kwechikafu uye nzira dzekuwana zvirimwa mamiriro ekugadzirisa kusimbisa kuti kusvibiswa kuri kuenderera here kana kwete. Kune izvi, yakagadziriswa kana yekuchengetedza nzira yekurima yakagadziriswa iyo inotarisira kudzikisa kukanganiswa kweivhu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura kuitira kuti zvinovaka muviri zvatinowana kuburikidza nekukohwa zvive zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvisasvibise. Zvese izvi zvinoitwa nechinangwa chekuita a chikafu chinogara chiripo pasirese kuona kuti zviwanikwa zvatinoshandisa nhasi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa nezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinouya.
Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, chikamu chakakura chekubuda kumaruwa uye kunyaradzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemaguta akamira, chikamu chikuru chevagari venyika vanogona kugariswa munzvimbo diki. Izvi inofarira kudzikiswa kwemirefu inofanirwa kuvharwa Zvekutakura zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa, iko kusungwa kwemaindasitiri uye zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tine zvakawandisa mukushandisa zviwanikwa zvakadai sehuni, oiri, gasi rechisikigo uye marasha. Uku kuwedzera kwekushandisa kunowedzeredzwawo kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvakaita se kurima zvakanyanya uye zvipfuyo, kubata hove zvakanyanya kana kuchera. Zvese izvi zvinotungamira mukudzikisirwa kwe zviwanikwa, kuwedzera kwekusvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza muzvinhu zvese uye, nekudaro, shanduko mukusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuitika pasi rose.
Kukura miganhu
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakatotaura kare muna1972, pakaburitswa mushumo "Limits to Growth". Vagari vepasirese vanogona kuzopa iko kwese kudiwa kwechikafu nesimba pasure remafuta. Dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza ra1960 rakapedza nhanho yezvakatipoteredza umo makange musina chokwadi kana oiri, pamwe nehumwe mafuta Ivo havazokwanise kufudza tekinoroji kusimudzira nekuda kwekuneta kwavo kuri padyo.
Kwemakore, nekusvika kwesimba rinowedzerwazve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyika inokwanisa kugarisa vanhu vazhinji nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwesimba kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai sezuva, mvura, mhepo, biomass, geothermal simba uye simba rinoburitswa kubva pamasaisai. Nekudaro, iyo utopia yekugadzira nyika kubva kune isina muganho yakachena simba yakarova iyo huru rusvingo rwe simba simba.
La mashandiro esimba Inoedza kuburitsa huwandu hwesimba remagetsi pamutengo wepasi wepasi unodhura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chakakura chemari yeR & D inoendeswa kunzvimbo idzi, zvichideredza kukosha kwemafuta. Dzvinyiriro kubva kuhurumende nenzanga dzezvakatipoteredza dzakadai seGreenpeace kana maEcologists muAction vari kuchema kuti simba rinogona kudzorerwa rizobatsirwa nekuvandudzwa pamberi penyika inoda simba uye ine tembiricha yepasirese yepasi rose iri kukwira kupfuura zvairatidzwa muzuva rayo se «Zvine ngozi” mumishumo yeIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Carbon tsoka
Kune zvakawanda zviwanikwa zviwanikwa izvo zvakatopfuura kupfuura kwavo zenith mumakumi emakore apfuura. Uye ndizvo mwero wekushandisa wakadarika uyo wekugadzira uye, pamusoro pazvose, iwo wekuchengetedza. Nemazuva ekupera kwemafuta echisaririra akadai seoiri, gasi rechisikigo uye marasha zvakatomiswa, zvese zvasara kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza simba rinowedzerwazve kuitira kuchengetedza mwero wehupenyu watinawo nhasi.
Iyo tsoka yekabhoni chiratidzo cheiyo huwandu hwe kabhoni diamoni iyo inoburitswa nemugari uye neyunifomu yepamusoro. Zvinoreva kuti, kuti tigutse zvatinoda, zvese zvekudya, pamwe nesimba, zvinhu nemasevhisi, tinofanirwa kuburitsa kabhoni mumhepo. Iyo yakakura kushandisa kwedu, iyo inowedzera matani akaburitswa.
Kuenzanisira izvi, tinofunga kuti tine imba yedu, tinodya zvimwe zvekudya, tinoshandisa komputa, terevhizheni, tinogeza, tinoteerera mimhanzi, tinozvitakura nemota yedu yega, nezvimwe. Kuti tigadzire zvinhu zvese zvinotikomberedza muhupenyu hwedu, isu taifanirwa kushandisa mbishi yakashatisa. Saka, tsoka yekabhoni yakakura kudarika hupfumi hwatiinazvo uye yakanyatsoenderana nechero capita mari yemunhu wega wega. Izvo zvakanyanya kutenga simba rauinaro, iyo yakawanda kabhoni inoburitswa mudenga.
Kuenzana pamberi pezvose?
Kana tikafananidza tsoka yekabhoni yevanhu vari munyika dzichiri kusimukira, tinoziva kuti kune vamwe vanhu vazhinji asi vane yakaderera kabhoni tsoka yemunhu mumwe. Zvinoreva kuti chikamu chidiki chevagari vepasi chinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwakawanda kwepasi.
Nei makumi masere muzana yevagari venyika vachifanira kubhadhara mibairo yenjodzi zhinji dzemamiriro ekunze dzakakonzerwa nekusvibiswa kweimwe 80%? Hurumende dzinoti kuenzana uye kurongeka, asi chokwadi chinoraira zvakawanda kuzadzisa izvo zvinangwa.
Zvichakadaro, nyika munguva pfupi iri kusvika kumiganhu yekukura uye ramangwana harina chokwadi zvachose. Ndinovimba ichi chinyorwa chinoita kuti iwe ufunge nezvenyaya yekuenzana munyika uye nekunyanyisa kushandisa zviwanikwa.