Nyukireya (22,6%), mhepo (19,2%) uye kupisa kwemazimbe (17,4%) inotora matatu epamusoro ematekinoroji ekugadzira magetsi muna 3.
Kusanaya kwakanyanya (ine dzimba dzekuchengetera pa38% yehukuru hwadzo) iri kupa kuberekwazve kune iyo marasha. Kunaya kwemvura kwakaderera kwakaderedza mupiro weiyo hydraulic kugadzirwa kune yemagetsi system kusvika ku7,3% yehuwandu.
Nekuda kweizvi, chikumbiro chinofanirwa kugadziriswa nemarasha uye gasi (izvo zvakapa 31,1%, ingangoita chetatu chekudiwa).
Zvinosuruvarisa, izvo zvinoreva kuwedzera kwe greenhouse gasi inoburitsa.
Chimwe chinhu ndechekugadziriswazve - simba rayo rakaiswa risina kuwedzera mugore rapfuura - inomiririra 33,7% yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi (yaive 40,8% muna2016).
Iyo 2017 simba musanganiswa yaive yakanyatsogadzikana, ichitsigirwa nenyukireya nemhepo simba. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaramba iri pamatanho akafanana neaya muna 2016 (19,2%). "Simba remhepo rinoshanduka munzvimbo nenzvimbo, asi pakuverenga kwegore negore kusiyanisa kwakaderera", inoratidzira Fernando Ferrando, purezidhendi weFundación Renovables.
Nehurombo, kuderera kwe hydraulic kugadzirwa yakaisa chikamu ichi munzvimbo yechitanhatu (yakabva pa14,6% kusvika pa7,3%).
Uku kuderera kwakafukidzwa nemarasha (inokwira kubva pa14,3% kusvika pa17,4% yekuda) uye, mu chiyero chidiki, kuitira gasi.
Hapana kufambira mberi kunoitwa mune shanduko yeramangwana
Pedro Linares, purofesa weSachigaro weMagetsi uye Sustainability paPontifical University yeComillas anoti, shanduko yesimba inopa ichivhara zviratidzo. "Kana kuwanikwa kwemvura yakachengetwa kwadzikiswa, sosi yatisingakwanise kudzora, uye imwe nzira iripo marasha negasi, mhedzisiro yacho huremu hwakakura hwemafuta uye nemweya wakawanda"
Iye purofesa anowedzera zvakanakira iyo hombe hydraulic park, nekuti "kana paine gore rakanaka, musanganiswa wemagetsi wakachena kwazvo." Pamusoro pezvo, iyi mbiru yakakosha yekusimbisa kana kutsigira zvinyorwa zvinowanikwazve. Nekudaro, kunyanyisa kutsamira pamvura inonaya kunokanganisa sisitimu, sezvo iyo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inogona kugadzira zvikamu zvepasi zvakaderera hydraulic kugadzirwa zvichidzokorora.
Shanduko yeramangwana
Naizvozvo, muchiitiko chekuti zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinokura uye zvichidzikira, Linares anotenda kuti “tinofanirwa kutanga tafunga kuti tingaisa sei zvisaririra nemagetsi anovandudzwa, kutanga kutsiva marasha uye, gare gare, gasi, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuti uwane zvakakwana decarbonization yemagetsi system ". Chinokosha chichava chekuona mwero wekutsiviwa kwemafuta aya.
Nyanzvi dzinodaidzira kuti dziwedzere kumutsidzirwa kuti dzirege kuvimba nemvura yemvura.
Vakuru uye nyanzvi vanoona zvakakodzera kutyora mugwagwa kuti vawane simba rekushandura kuenda kune yakasarudzika modhi. “Iwe haugone kuchinja muenzaniso kubva kune rimwe zuva uchienda pane rinotevera; asi kana paine kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, chero chinhu chinogoneka.
Dambudziko nderekuti kune oligopolies uye zvido zvakawanda zviri panjodzi.
Nyanzvi zhinji dzinodavira kuti: “Nharo yekuti, sezvo isinganayi, hapana imwe sarudzo kunze kwekutarisa kumarasha uye kuti, nekudaro, magetsi anodhura, haigamuchirwe. Hatigone kuzvipa sechimwe chinhu isingachinjiki, semunhu anotambura chinyararire ”.
Munyika dzinoverengeka, dzakaita seDenmark, Germany, neNetherlands pakati pevamwe ... havana kumira kuisa mari mukugadzirisa magetsi avo, zvinoreva kuti "kusiya zvisaririra uye nyukireya, uye ndokupa nzira kune imwe sisitimu yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvinogadziriswa "
"Kune akawanda zvinobatsira yekusimudzira tekinoroji kwakavakirwa pazvinhu zvinowanikwazve uye, pamusoro pezvo, kune nyika dzinotaura nezvehukuru mune zveupfumi ".
Makoni asina mega asina kaboni
Hurumende yatogadzira chirongwa chekuwedzera kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzinowedzerwazve, kuburikidza neiyo auction system iyo yatove yakapa mamegawati matsva masere e8.737, kuti iwane iyo 20% yesimba. dzokodzwa muna 2020, sezvakaratidzwa nechibvumirano cheParis.
Pool mitengo
Parizvino, mitengo yekugadzira ingangoita makumi mashanu neshanu euros pa megawatt awa (MWh), asi kana tikatarisa kutenderera pasirese, simba rinogona kutowanikwa kubva mitengo yakaderera zvikuru, Semuyenzaniso, iwo ma17 euros paMWh akawanikwa mushamba yemahara yakaitwa mavhiki mashoma apfuura kuMexico.
Asi sekutaura kwenyanzvi dzinoverengeka, "Kufambira mberi kushoma kwakaitwa munzira yekuwana simba remagetsi rinovandudzwa zana muzana; mweya nemhepo yezuva vakaoma mitezo, uye hapana hurongwa hwekuita pasina marasha nenyukireya "
