A yau zamu zo muyi magana game da wani makamashi mai sabuntawa cikin zurfi. Labari ne game da wutar lantarki. Amma ba za muyi magana game da shi da kansa ba, amma game da injin wutar lantarki inda aka kirkireshi kuma ake aiwatar dashi. Tsire-tsire yana da mahimmancin gaske don samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa daga madatsun ruwa. Bugu da kari, yana da sauran amfani da yawa da fa'idodi ga yawan jama'a.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu tattauna kan fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida na masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki kuma zamu ga yadda suke aiki. Kuna so ku sani game da shi? Ci gaba da karatu.
Menene tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa
Lokacin da muka sanya wutar lantarki a cikin aiki, abin da muke fata shi ne samun damar samar da makamashi daga ruwan da aka ajiye a madatsun ruwa. Abu na farko da za'a yi shine samarwa makamashi na inji kuma canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki.
An kera tsarin tara ruwa don ƙirƙirar rashin daidaito wanda ke haifar da ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari. Ana sauke wannan ruwa don samun kuzari ta hanyar bambancin nauyi. Lokacin da ruwan ya ratsa cikin injin injin, yana haifar da juyawar motsi wanda ke tuka mai sauyawa da canza makamashin inji zuwa makamashin lantarki.
Fa'idodin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa
Kamar yadda kake gani, wannan yana kawo babban fa'ida ga yawan jama'a ba kawai a matakin makamashi ba. Bari mu tara waɗannan fa'idodin don bincika su ɗaya bayan ɗaya:
- Yana da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Watau, baya karewa a lokaci kamar yadda burbushin mai zai iya. Ruwa a cikin kansa ba shi da iyaka, amma gaskiya ne cewa yanayi koyaushe yana kawo mana ruwan sama. Ta wannan hanyar zamu iya murmurewa da ci gaba da amfani da shi azaman tushen makamashi.
- Kasancewa cikakke na halitta kuma mai sabuntawa, baya ƙazantar da shi. Yana da makamashi mai tsabta.
- Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, ba wai kawai yana amfanar da mu ba ne a cikin gudummawar makamashi, har ma ana hada shi da wasu ayyuka kamar kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa, ban ruwa, samar da ruwa, samar da hanyoyi, yawon shakatawa ko shimfidar kasa.
- Duk da abin da kuke tunani, duka farashin aiki da kiyayewa basu da yawa. Da zarar an gina madatsar ruwa da dukkan tsarin kamawa, gyara ba shi da rikitarwa kwata-kwata.
- Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan amfani da makamashi ba, ayyukan da aka gudanar don amfani da wannan nau'in makamashi suna da rayuwa mai amfani tsawon lokaci.
- Ana amfani da injin turbin don samar da makamashi. Injin turbin yana da sauƙin amfani, mai aminci da inganci. Wannan yana nufin cewa farashin samarwa sun yi ƙasa kuma ana iya farawa da dakatarwa da sauri.
- Ba da izinin kulawa ba daga bangaren ma'aikata, tunda wuri ne mai sauki don aiwatarwa.
Gaskiyar cewa yana da sabuntawa da tsaftataccen makamashi tare da ƙarancin farashi tuni ya mai da shi ƙarfin makamashi a cikin kasuwanni. Gaskiya ne cewa tana da wasu rashin amfani kamar yadda zamu gani a ƙasa, kodayake fa'idodin da aka samu sun fi dacewa.
Rashin dacewar shuke-shuke masu amfani da ruwa
Ba abin mamaki ba, irin wannan ƙarfin ba duk fa'idodi bane. Yana da wasu matsaloli idan yazo da samarwa kuma yakamata a kula dasu idan za'a sanya shi don wadatar da jama'a ko kuma, aƙalla, don ba da gudummawa don ɗaukar buƙatun makamashi.
Zamuyi nazarin illolin wannan nau'in makamashi:
- Kamar yadda ake tsammani, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki yana buƙatar babban yanki. Wurin da aka sanya shi dole ne ya kasance yana da halaye na halitta waɗanda ke ba da damar amfani da kuzarin yadda ya dace.
- Kudin gini na masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki galibi suna da yawaTunda dole ne ku shirya ƙasar, gina tsarin watsa wutar lantarki kuma makamashi ya ɓace a cikin duk wannan aikin da baza'a iya dawo dashi ba.
- Idan aka kwatanta da wasu tsire-tsire ko wasu nau'ikan makamashi mai sabuntawa, ginin shuka yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.
- Dogaro da yanayin ruwan sama da buƙatar yawan jama'a, ƙarni mai ƙarfi ba koyaushe bane.
Na karshen yana faruwa da nau'ikan nau'ikan makamashi masu sabuntawa. Yana daya daga cikin matsalolin da akasari za'a rufe su a cikin bangaren sabuntawar. Kamar ƙarfin iska yana buƙatar iska da hasken rana Bayan awowi da rana, hasken lantarki yana buƙatar isasshen ruwan sama don samar da kyakkyawan ruwa.
Don yin wannan rashin fa'ida, dole ne ku san yadda za ku zaɓi wurin sosai. Misali, ba iri daya bane a sanya shuka a yankin da ruwan sama ke da karancin gaske kuma yanayin kasar gaba daya ya bushe fiye da sanya shi a yankin da ke da ruwa mai yawa. Ta yin wannan, samar da makamashi zai zama mai rahusa sosai kuma yalwatacce.
Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu aiki da karfin ruwa
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa mai laushi dangane da hanyar da suke aiki.
Gudun-na-da-kogin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa shuka
Nau'in tsire-tsire ne wanda ba ya tara ruwa mai yawa a cikin turbines, amma dai yi amfani da wadatar kwararar da ke cikin kogin akwai a wancan lokacin. Kamar yadda lokutan shekara suke shudewa, kwararar kogin shima yana canzawa, wanda hakan yasa ba zai yuwu wuce gona da iri bata ruwa ba ta hanyar malala madatsar ruwan.
Hydroelectric plant tare da ajiyar ruwa
Ba kamar na baya ba, wannan yana da tafki inda ake ajiye ruwan ajiyar. Rukunin yana ba da damar daidaita yawan ruwan da ya isa turbin ɗin ta hanyar da ta dace. Fa'idar da take bayarwa idan aka kwatanta da wacce ta gabata ita ce, ta hanyar samun dammed koyaushe a matsayin ajiya, zai iya samar da wutar lantarki a duk tsawon shekara.
Tashar famfon Hydroelectric
A wannan yanayin muna da tafkunan ruwa guda biyu waɗanda suke a matakai daban-daban. Dogaro da buƙatar makamashin lantarki, suna haɓaka haɓaka ko a'a. Suna yin wannan kamar musayar al'ada. Lokacin da ruwan da aka adana a cikin wani tafki na sama ya faɗi, juya turbine kuma, idan ya zama dole, sai a tsotso ruwan daga ƙasan ta yadda, kuma, zai iya sake farawa zagayen motsi.
Wannan nau'in tsakiya yana da fa'idar da za'a iya sarrafa ta gwargwadon buƙatar wutar lantarki.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da tsirrai masu amfani da ruwa.