Izidalwa eziphilayo zidla ngokulandela uchungechunge lokudla olususelwa emazingeni ehlukene lapho kuyizinto eziphilayo ezidlayo kanti ezinye yizo ezidliwayo. Isisekelo sesixhumanisi kuxhaxha lokudla olwandle yi-plankton. Abantu abaningi abazi yini iplankton noma ukubaluleka kwayo. Kungukuqala kochungechunge lokudla futhi lwakhiwe ngezinto ezincane kakhulu ezikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukukhonza njengokudla kwezinto eziningi eziphila olwandle. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imvelo kanye nempilo yasolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini iplankton, ukubaluleka kwayo nezici zayo.
Yini iplankton
UPlankton unjalo iqembu lezidalwa ezintanta ekuhambeni kwemisinga yolwandle. Igama elithi plankton lisho ukuzulazula noma ukuzulazula. Leli qembu lezidalwa lehlukene kakhulu, lehlukene futhi linezindawo zokuhlala amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi olwandle. Kwezinye izindawo, zingafinyelela inani labantu abafinyelela ezigidini zabantu futhi zande olwandle olubandayo. Kwezinye izinhlelo ezimile, njengamachibi, amachibi noma iziqukathi ezinamanzi amile, singathola neplankton.
Ngokuya ngokudla kwakho nohlobo lwefomu, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeplankton. Sizohlukanisa phakathi kwabo:
- I-Phytoplankton: Kuyiplankton yesitshalo imisebenzi yayo ifana kakhulu naleyo yezitshalo ngoba ithola amandla nezinto eziphilayo nge-photosynthesis. Ingaphila ungqimba lwamanzi oludlulisa ukukhanya, okungukuthi, engxenyeni yolwandle noma emanzini lapho ithola khona ilanga eliqondile. Kungaba khona ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-200, lapho inani lokukhanya kwelanga kuncane futhi kuncane. Le phytoplankton yakhiwe ikakhulu ngama-cyanobacteria, ama-diatom nama-dinoflagellates.
- I-Zooplankton: iyi-zooplankton ezondla ngama-phytoplankton nezinye izidalwa zeqembu elifanayo. Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwa ama-crustaceans, i-jellyfish, izibungu zezinhlanzi, nezinye izidalwa ezincane. Lezi zidalwa zingahlukaniswa ngokwesikhathi sokuphila. Kunezinto ezithile eziphilayo eziyingxenye yeplankton phakathi nomjikelezo wayo wokuphila futhi zibizwa ngamaholoplanktons. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo eziyingxenye kuphela ye-zooplankton ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yazo (imvamisa uma kuyisigaba sezibungu zazo) zaziwa ngegama le-meroplankton.
- Ama-bacteria asePlankton: Luhlobo lweplankton olwenziwe yimiphakathi yamagciwane. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukudiliza imfucuza futhi kudlale indima ebalulekile kumjikelezo we-biogeochemical of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus nezinye izinto. Iphinde ingeniswe ngochungechunge lokudla.
- Amagciwane kaPlanktonic: zingamagciwane asemanzini. Ahlanganiswe ikakhulukazi ngamagciwane e-bacteriophage namanye ama-alkal eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukukhumbula kabusha izakhamzimba kumjikelezo we-biogeochemical futhi ube yingxenye yochungechunge lwezakhi.
Izinhlobo zeplankton
Iningi lezinto eziphilayo ze-plankton lincane ngosayizi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukubona ngamehlo. Usayizi omaphakathi walezi zidalwa uphakathi kwama-microns angama-60 nemilimitha. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeplankton ezingaba khona emanzini zimi kanje:
- I-Ultraplankton: Zilinganisa cishe ama-microns ama-5. Yizilwanyana ezincane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya nama-flagellate amancane. Ama-flagellates yilezo zidalwa ezine-flagella.
- I-Nanoplankton: Zilinganisa phakathi kwamamitha ama-5 kuya kwangama-60 futhi zakhiwa ngama-microalgae angama-unicellular, njengama-diatom amancane kanye ne-coccolithophores.
- Microplankton: Mikhulu, ifinyelela phakathi kwama-microns angama-60 no-1 mm. Lapha sithola ama-microalgae angama-unicellular, izibungu ze-mollusk nama-copepods.
- I-plankton emaphakathi: iso lomuntu liyakwazi ukubona izidalwa ezikulesi silinganiso. Inobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-1 no-5 mm futhi yakhiwa izibungu zezinhlanzi.
- Iplankton enkulu: phakathi kuka-5 mm no-10 cm ngosayizi. Lapha kwafika i-sargasso, i-salps ne-jellyfish.
- IPlankton enkulu: izidalwa ezingaphezu kuka-10 cm ngosayizi. Sine-jellyfish lapha.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo eziseplankton zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zemizimba futhi ziphendula izidingo zemvelo ezihlala kuyo. Esinye salezi zidingo zomzimba ukushuba kwamanzi noma i-viscosity yamanzi. Kubo, imvelo yasolwandle ibukeka kahle futhi kuyadingeka ukunqoba ukumelana nokuhamba emanzini.
Kunamasu amaningi nezindlela eziguquguqukayo zokukhuthaza amanzi antantayo kungakhulisa amathuba okusinda. Ukwandisa indawo engaphezulu komzimba, ukwengeza amaconsi amafutha ku-cytoplasm, ukuthungwa kwamatshe, ukuchitheka nezinye izakhiwo ngamasu nokuzivumelanisa okuhlukile ukuze ukwazi ukusinda ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zasolwandle nasemanzini ahlanzekile. Kunezinye izidalwa ezinekhono elihle lokubhukuda, sibonga i-flagella nezinye izithasiselo zesitimela, njengoba kunjalo ngama-copepods.
I-viscosity yamanzi ishintsha ngokushisa. Yize singazivezi ngamehlo, amagciwane ayakubona. Emanzini afudumele, i-viscosity yamanzi iphansi. Lokhu kuthinta ukuqina komuntu. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-diatom akha i-cyclomorphosis, okuyikhono lokwenza ukwakheka komzimba okwehlukile ehlobo nasebusika ukuvumelanisa nezinguquko ku-viscosity wamanzi anezinga lokushisa.
Ukubaluleka kwempilo
Abantu bahlala bethi iplankton yinto ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi indawo yasolwandle. Ukubaluleka kwawo kulele ochungechungeni lokudla. Iwebhu yokudla phakathi kwabakhiqizi, abathengi kanye nokubola yenziwa ku-biome. I-Phytoplankton ingaguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla angasetshenziswa ngabathengi kanye nokubola.
I-Phytoplankton idliwa yi-zooplankton, yona edliwe yizilwane ezidla inyama nezidliwayo. Lezi yizilwane ezizingelayo zezinye izidalwa futhi okokubola kumunca isidumbu. Le yindlela okwakhiwa ngayo lonke uchungechunge lokudla ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini.
I-Phytoplankton imunca inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide nge-photosynthesis bese inikela cishe i-50% yomoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulela emkhathini. Iplankton efile ikhiqiza ungqimba lwenzika, uma selwenziwe lwaba yimbumba, lukhiqiza uwoyela owufunayo kakhulu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kwesinye isikhathi into ebaluleke kakhulu incane ngosayizi. Kulokhu, iplankton iyisisekelo sokudla kwendawo yokuhlala yasolwandle. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini iplankton, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.