Enye yesayensi enikezela ngentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe emphakathini yi i-biotechnology. Kuyisayensi echumayo ukuthi, ngokuqinisekile, iya ngokuya yanda ezindebeni zawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungazi okukhona okwenzayo, akwenzayo noma akufundayo, kunabantu abaningi abangakazi lutho ngakho. Yilokho esilapha namuhla.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-biotechnology nokuthi ifunda muphi umkhakha.
Yini i-biotechnology
I-Biotechnology yisayensi ezama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuqonda ukuthi ezinye izinto zisebenza kanjani. Kunzima ukuthola incazelo ephathekayo kanye neyendawo yonke ngakho. Ngendlela ejwayelekile, kungashiwo ukuthi i-biotechnology yisayensi efunda ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani amasu athile asetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu, ukubhekana ne-DNA yabo, ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha, amaphethini wokuzala, njll
Imayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemigomo eyahlukahlukene isayensi nobunjiniyela okufanele bakwazi ukuphatha ezinye izinto eziphilayo nezingajwayelekile. Lezi zinto zinomthelela ngqo ezinhlelweni zemvelo futhi zingaguqulwa ukukhiqiza kokubili izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-biotechnology ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ezintweni eziphilayo noma kokukhiqizwayo kwabo. Kuhloswe ukuguqula imikhiqizo ethile noma izinqubo ezithile zebhayoloji ukuze zisetshenziswe emkhakheni othile.
Ngamafuphi, kumayelana nokusebenzisa imishini yemvelo enamaseli aphilayo ukuze ikwazi ukukhiqiza izinsizakalo ezilusizo kubantu. Lezi zinsizakalo zingabandakanya ingxenye yemikhakha yezemithi, yezimboni noma yokudla. I-Biotechnology inemikhakha eminingi lapho kuhlanganiswa izifundo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ezifakiwe. Isibonelo, sisezinkambeni ezifana ne-cell biology, biology yamangqamuzana, kanye ne-bioinformatics. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi eminye imikhakha ehlobene namakhemikhali ne-physics.
Yenzelwe ini
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iyini i-biotechnology, sizoxoxa ngezicelo ezahlukahlukene enazo empilweni yangempela. Le sayensi inensimu ebanzi yokusetshenziswa. Ngokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ososayensi nabaphenyi bangasebenzisa lokho okuthiwa "ubuchwepheshe begazi" izinto eziphilayo ezinazo ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Bekuhlale kushiwo ukuthi umzimba wethu usebenza ngokungathi ngumshini lapho konke kuhlelwe khona futhi kwenziwa ngemishini. Akudingeki ucabange ngokugaya ukudla futhi udlulisele izakhi egazini, umzimba uyakwenza wona wedwa. Ngale ndlela, i-biotechnology izama ukuhlobanisa izicelo zayo nezokwelapha, ikhemisi nezolimo. Isibonelo, kwezolimo izitshalo ezikhiqiza kakhulu zingatholakala ngokuguqula izakhi zofuzo ezibenza babe sengozini enkulu yezimo ezithile zemvelo.
Singasebenzisa ingxenye yezakhi zofuzo zikatamatisi ezenza ukuthi imelane namakhaza kakhulu ukuze ikhule kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, embonini yokudla noma ezindabeni zemvelo, kuyenzeka kutholakale imithombo emisha yamandla avuselelekayo, ezinye izinhlelo zokwelapha imfucuza ethile njengokufaka umquba nokuqeda ukungcoliswa komhlaba.
I-Biotechnology iyasiza kukho konke lokhu. Vele uzame ukuthola izindawo ezintsha zokuthengisa ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemisebenzi namuhla okudinga ukulungiswa kabusha. Ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe, ikhwalithi engcono yokuphila kanye nobungozi obuncane bezempilo.
Izinhlobo ze-biotechnology
Ukuhlukanisa i-biotechnology, sibheka indawo lapho izinsizakalo ziqondiswa khona. Zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa kukhodi yombala. Sihlangabezana nalezi zinhlobo ze-biotechnology:
I-biotechnology eluhlaza
Le ngxenye igxile ezinhlelweni zezolimo. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kungatholakala izitshalo nezitshalo ezithathelwanayo. Le mikhiqizo isho ukuthi iguqule i-DNA. Bayakwazi ukwethula ezinye izinto ezintsha nezinzuzo ngaphezulu kweminye imikhiqizo engashintshiwe. Isibonelo, bangakhula ezimeni zezulu ezingeke zabathandela futhi bamelane kangcono nezilokazane nezifo. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuqinisekisa imiphumela engcono ngenzuzo engcono.
I-biotechnology eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Le ngxenye ye-biotechnology isathuthuka. Kodwa-ke, igxile ezindaweni zasolwandle nasemanzini. Kulindeleke ukuthi kube negalelo elikhulu ku i-aquaculture, ukudla, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nemikhiqizo yezimonyo.
I-biotechnology empunga
Lolu uhlobo lwe-biotechnology oluhlose ukonga ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Inhloso ukuqeda ukungcola kwenhlabathi okubangela ukulahleka kwezinhlobo nokuqhekeka kwezindawo zemvelo. Lolu hlobo luxhunyaniswe nezinqubo ze-bioremediation lapho izitshalo nezilwanyana ezincane zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa nokuqeda izinto eziyingozi emvelweni.
I-biotechnology ebomvu
Lolu hlobo yilona olusetshenzisiwe ukwenza ngcono imikhiqizo yezokwelapha. Ngayo, ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibiotic avela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene kungathuthukiswa. Lokhu kusisiza ukuthi sakhe imishanguzo nezidakamizwa ukwenza ngcono ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithile.
Inqubo yezimboni i-biotechnology
Inhloso yaleli gatsha ukudala imikhiqizo zilulaza kalula futhi zisebenzisa amandla amancane. Ukwehliswa kwamandla asetshenziswayo kubalulekile ukonga izinto zokusetshenziswa nokunciphisa ukungcola. Le biotechnology ihlobene nalokho okufuna ukuthuthukisa imvelo nokongiwa kwayo.
Isibonelo, isetshenziswa embonini yendwangu ukuze kudaleke imfucuza encane ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ze-biotechnologies kukhona eminye enemibala ehlukene kepha ayijwayelekile kakhulu njengoba kuyisayensi eqhubekayo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Yize konke lokhu okuchazwe ngenhla kubonakala kuyizinzuzo kuphela, kuyadingeka futhi ukuchaza ububi obuthile okungenzeka lobu buchwepheshe baba nabo. Phakathi kwalezi zingqinamba sibala:
- Izingozi emvelweni njengokuguquguquka kwezinambuzane kubuthi obuhlukahlukene noma ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zofuzo.
- Ezinye izingozi zezempilo, njengoba ubuthi obusha bungakhiwa.
- Yehlisa ukusebenza ezindaweni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ezolimo zithinteka kakhulu ngokwenza isimanje kwazo zonke izinqubo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi kuyacaca ukuthi iyini i-biotechnology.