I-ozone layer yindawo yokwelapha lapho ukugxila kwe-ozone kuphakeme kunokuvamile. Lolu ngqimba lusivikela emisebeni yelanga eyingozi ye-UV. Nokho, ukukhishwa kwamanye amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama- chlorofluorocarbon kuye kwabangela imbobo ongqimbeni lwe-ozone. Lo mgodi waziwa amashumi eminyaka futhi uyancipha ngenxa ye-Montreal Protocol. abaningi abazi uyini umgodi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi yini imbobo ongqimbeni lwe-ozone, yiziphi izici zayo nemiphumela.
isendlalelo sokuvikela
Ake siqale siqonde ukuthi luyini ungqimba lwe-ozone. Kuyingqimba yokuzivikela etholakala ku-stratosphere. Lesi sendlalelo sisebenza njenge isihlungi semisebe ye-UV eyingozi ngokwebhayoloji evela elangeni. Ayikwazanga ukuvikela le misebe ye-ultraviolet ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuphila eMhlabeni njengoba siyazi namuhla.
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwalolu ungqimba ukuze kusinde, kubonakala sengathi abantu bazimisele ukulucekela phansi. I-Chlorofluorocarbons ngamakhemikhali abhubhisa i-ozone ekhona ku-stratosphere ngokusabela okuhlukahlukene. Kuyigesi elakhiwe i-fluorine, i-chlorine ne-carbon. Lapho ikhemikhali ifika kuyi-stratosphere, ithola ukusabela kwe-photolysis ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-molecule ahlukane futhi adinge ama-athomu e-chlorine. I-chlorine isabela ne-ozone ekhona ku-stratosphere okwenza ama-athomu omoya-mpilo akhe futhi aphule i-ozone. Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa kwalawa makhemikhali kubangela ukucekelwa phansi kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Futhi, khumbula ukuthi la makhemikhali anesikhathi eside sokuphila emkhathini. Ngenxa ye-Montreal Protocol, ukukhishwa kwalawa makhemikhali kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Nokho, kuze kube namuhla, ungqimba lwe-ozone lusalimale. Imbobo yongqimba lwe-ozone ithuthuka kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namashumi eminyaka adlule. Ake sihlolisise.
Uyini umgodi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone
I-ozone itholakala ku-stratosphere, endaweni ephakeme phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 no-30. Lolu ungqimba lwakhiwe ama- molecule e-ozone, wona akhiwa ama-athomu amathathu e-athomu omoya-mpilo. Indima yalolu ungqimba ukumunca imisebe ye-UV-B futhi isebenze njengesihlungi sokunciphisa umonakalo.
Ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone kwenzeka lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka okubangela ukuncipha kwe-ozone ku-stratosphere. Imisebe yelanga engenayo ihlungwa ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi ama-athomu e-ozone abhujiswa imisebe ye-UV-B, futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka ama-athomu e-ozone ahlukana abe umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen dioxide. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photolysis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-molecule ahlukana ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya.
Izinhlobo ze-carbon dioxide nomoya-mpilo azihlukanisi ngokuphelele, kodwa kunalokho ziphinde zihlangane, futhi zenze i-ozone. Lesi sinyathelo asenzeki njalo futhi unesibopho somgodi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokusheshisa ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone ukukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. Nakuba sesishilo kakade ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga okungenayo kubhubhisa i-ozone, ukwenza kanjalo ngendlela yokuthi ukulingana kungathathi hlangothi. Okusho ukuthi, inani le-ozone elicekelwa phansi yi-photolysis lilingana noma lingaphansi kwenani le-ozone elingakhiwa ukuhlangana kwe-intermolecular.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yokuncipha kwe-ozone ukukhishwa kwe-chlorofluorocarbon. I-World Meteorological Organization isho lokho ungqimba lwe-ozone luzolulama cishe ngo-2050 ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwale mikhiqizo. Khumbula ukuthi konke lokhu kuyizilinganiso njengoba, ngisho noma la makhemikhali engasasetshenziswa, ahlala emkhathini amashumi eminyaka.
imiphumela yomhlaba wonke
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umgodi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone utholakala ikakhulukazi phezu kwe-Antarctica. Nakuba amagesi amaningi acekela phansi ungqimba lwe-ozone ekhishwa emazweni athuthukile, kukhona umsinga othwala la magesi uwayise e-Antarctica. Yini enye, kufanele sandise isikhathi sokuhlala kwala magesi emkhathini kanye nesikhathi angabhubhisa i-ozone.
Lamagesi azuza emazingeni okushisa aphansi engxenyeni eseningizimu yenkabazwe ngenxa yomjikelezo omkhulu woMhlaba futhi abhidlize kakhulu lokhu kuhlangana kwe-ozone. Futhi lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, yilapho umonakalo omkhulu wongqimba. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-ozone kukhuphuke ebusika futhi kululame entwasahlobo.
Ukuwohloka noma ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone kungaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene. Sizohlaziya ukuthi ahlanganisani kuye ngokuthi ubani othintekayo.
Imiphumela yempilo yomuntu
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba: Kungesinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu ezihambisana nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV-B. Njengoba lesi sifo singabonakali manje, kodwa phakathi neminyaka, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushise ilanga futhi uzivikele.
- Izimo zesistimu yamasosha omzimba: Isebenza emzimbeni ukuze inciphise amandla ayo okuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.
- Izinguquko zombono: Ibangela ukucasuka kwamehlo kanye ne-presbyopia kaningi.
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: Ezinye izinkinga isifuba somoya ngenxa yokwanda kwe-ozone emkhathini ophansi.
Imiphumela yezilwane zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle
Inemiphumela emibi kuzo zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezinemiphumela efanayo kubantu. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zasolwandle, le misebe ifinyelela phezulu ngendlela ethinta ngokuqondile i-phytoplankton yolwandle. Ukuchichima kwala ma-phytoplankton kuyehla kuze kube nomthelela ochungechungeni lokudla.
imiphumela ezitshalweni
Izigameko zale misebe ye-ultraviolet, eyingozi kakhulu, ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, okubangela izinguquko ezikhathini zokuqhakaza nokukhula kwazo. Konke lokhu kungathinta ukwehla kwenani lezitshalo nezitshalo.
Njengoba ungase ubone, nakuba abantu abaningi bengazi ukuthi iyini imbobo yongqimba lwe-ozone, iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngeplanethi yethu. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini imbobo engqimbeni ye-ozone nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.