Una umnotho oluhlaza iyiqoqo lezinqubo zokukhiqiza (izimboni, ezentengiselwano, ezolimo kanye nezinsizakalo) ezisetshenziswa endaweni ethile (izwe, idolobha, inkampani, umphakathi, njll.) ezingaholela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kokubili kwezemvelo nezenhlalo. Ukubaluleka kwayo emphakathini kuyakhula njengoba kufanele sinakekele imvelo kodwa ngaphandle kokubeka umnotho womhlaba engcupheni.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomnotho oluhlaza, izici zawo kanye nokubaluleka kwawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho efaka isandla ekulondolozweni kwekhwalithi yemvelo ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kusho ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izinga lomoya, inhlabathi, amanzi kanye nokuncishiswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya.
Inselele iwukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye nokunciphisa izingcindezi zemvelo kuyilapho uvuna izinzuzo zezomnotho.. Izinkampani ezizibophezele ekuthuthukiseni umnotho oluhlaza zibizwa ngokuthi "izinkampani eziluhlaza" futhi zibonakala ngokuhlonipha imvelo.
Inhlalakahle yethu incike ekuguquleni izinsiza zemvelo zibe yimikhiqizo, kodwa namuhla sizisebenzisa ngokushesha kunokuba imvelo ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina inhlalakahle yethu ukuthuthukisa umnotho oluhlaza.
Izinjongo eziyinhloko zomnotho oluhlaza yilezi:
- Thuthukisa ezenhlalakahle
- Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yemvelo
- Yehlisa ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo.
- Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide
- Vikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
- Dala imisebenzi eluhlaza
- Khuthaza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla
- Yehlisa umkhondo wemvelo
- Yehlisa ubumpofu ngokulondoloza imithombo yemvelo.
Umnotho oluhlaza uhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga, ukutholwa okuthembekile, ingqalasizinda eluhlaza, ezolimo ezisimeme (ezolimo ezivuselelwa kabusha), umjikelezo wekhabhoni, isiko lebhizinisi elisimeme, amandla avuselelekayo kanye nomnotho ohlangene (iCargomatic, BlaBlaCar, izikhala zezentengiselwano, amahhovisi ).
Umnotho oluhlaza kanye nokusimama
Ukuqoqwa kwengcebo kungalimaza ukukhula futhi kuholele ebumpofu. Uguquko lwezomnotho kanye nokusabalalisa okunomthwalo wemfanelo nokuhlelekile kuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Abantu badinga izinsiza ezibalulekile njengemfundo nempilo.
Ngokuvamile, umnotho wendabuko uchaza inhlalakahle njengomehluko phakathi kwesamba senzuzo etholwe umphakathi kususwa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Kosomnotho wezemvelo, izimpahla zemvelo nazo zibalulekile, kungaba inzuzo noma izindleko zensiza, uma zidliwe.
Uma imodeli isebenza, zama ukungadli izinsiza zemvelo, ukubanika isikhathi sokuzivuselela. Uhlelo kumele lunciphise ukumoshwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, amanzi namandla.
Izinkampani ezinomnotho oluhlaza
Izinkampani eziluhlaza zihlose ukuzuza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yomphakathi, amathuba alinganayo futhi angalimazi imvelo. Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, amandla avuselelekayo, ukulinganiselwa kwezinsiza ezifana namanzi, intuthuko yenhlalakahle yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala noma ukulima ngemvelo ngezinye zezinto okufanele zibhekwe.
Isibopho Senkampani Komphakathi I-CSR noma i-CSR inani elikhiqizwa imikhuba emihle nokuzibophezela kwenkampani emphakathini nasemhlabeni oyizungezile. Ukuhambisana phakathi kobunikazi benkampani kanye nesithombe, ubuqiniso, impatho enesizotha yabasebenzi, abahlinzeki kanye namakhasimende, nokunakekela nokuzibophezela emvelweni. ukunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo kubalulekile. Lapho izinkampani zikhathalela futhi zibheka amathuba omphakathi ukuze zikhule, zingathola umkhawulo phezu komncintiswano. Kuyimpikiswano yamasu nedumela eheha abasebenzi futhi yakhe ukwethembeka kwamakhasimende.
I-B Corps, i-bcorpspain "izinkampani eziqinisekisiwe nge-B" ngoba zihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile zomphakathi nezemvelo ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu. I-B Corp seal yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengendlela yokusabalalisa izindinganiso ezisimeme ngokubeka izinto obala kanye nemikhuba emihle.
Ukubaluleka
Umphakathi uya ngokuya wazi ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside. Ngakho, izinkampani eziningi seziqala ukubheja kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umnotho oluhlaza, umqondo wokuthi, nakuba umfushane, ubonakala unendlela ende okufanele uyihambe.
Ngokusho kwe-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), umnotho oluhlaza "yilowo othuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu nokulingana kwezenhlalo kuyilapho unciphisa kakhulu izingozi zemvelo kanye nokushoda kwemvelo."
Ngakho-ke, le ncazelo ikhombisa ukuthi umnotho oluhlaza awuthinti kuphela umkhakha wezomnotho, kodwa futhi umkhakha wezenhlalo nezemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani, izimakethe, abatshalizimali kanye nomphakathi wonkana kumele bazibophezele ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo yesikhathi eside futhi babe negalelo enhlalakahleni yomphakathi neyemvelo.
Ngale ndlela, lezo zinhlangano, zomphakathi noma ezizimele, ezihlonipha imvelo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, zizothola igama "lezinhlangano eziluhlaza" futhi imisebenzi abayikhiqizayo izobizwa ngokuthi "imisebenzi eluhlaza noma imisebenzi".
Okuhlobene nalokhu, umthetho we-EU ubeka ngaphezu kwe-130 imigomo ehlukene yezemvelo kanye nemigomo okufanele izuzwe phakathi kuka-2010 no-2050, ngenhloso yokushayela iYurophu emnothweni oluhlaza. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- ngcono inhlalakahle yomphakathi, ukulwela ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, ukulwa nokushoda kanye nokunciphisa izinsongo emvelweni.
- Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nesibopho emphakathini.
- Khulisa izinsiza zomphakathi ukulwa nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokudala imisebenzi eluhlaza.
- Ukuzibophezela okuqinile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngakho, umnotho oluhlaza wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola izinga loguquko nokukhula komnotho "wezinkampani eziluhlaza", ukuhlaziya umthelela wamazinga entuthuko mayelana nokukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezitholakalayo, nokuhlola imithelela yomphakathi ngokwezinsiza. . Abantu bayakwazi ukuthola izinsiza eziyisisekelo, ezempilo kanye nemfundo.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zomnotho oluhlaza sinazo:
- Bheka inhlalakahle yabantu.
- Ithuthukisa ukulingana komphakathi.
- Yehlisa ubumpofu.
- Inciphisa imithelela yemvelo.
- Yehlisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Gwema ukungcola.
- Sebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo.
- Dala imisebenzi eluhlaza.
- Ivimbela ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Phatha udoti.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomnotho oluhlaza kanye nezici zawo.