I-Las amandla avuselelekayo benza indlela eya ngokuya ibanzi futhi ichazwe emhlabeni. Izinhlangano ezinkulu zomhlaba jikelele zitshala imali ekwakheni izindlela ezintsha zamandla avuselelekayo ukuze zisebenze kahle futhi zincintisane. Umhlaba osebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kuphela ungalunga ukulwa nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu nokwenza ngcono isimo sezulu nezimo zeplanethi. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi umhlaba wonke ungasebenza kuphela emithonjeni evuselelekayo?
U-Avelino Corma uyisazi samakhemikhali nesifundo seRoyal Academy of Engineering futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza komhlaba okusekwe kuphela kumandla avuselelekayo kuyenzeka, inqobo nje uma sinemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile namandla. ICorma ithole iPrince of Asturias Award for Scientific and technical Research ngo-2014 futhi uyilungu leRoyal London Society for the Advancement of Natural Science.
Engxoxweni, uCorma uchaze lokho uma nje sinakho amandla elanga nomoya ngokwanele singaba ne-hydrogen eshibhile engasetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Ubheka ukuthi ama-hydrocarbon kufanele alinganiselwe futhi ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuwenza agcine isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwala ma-hydrocarbon kudingekile, i-biomass ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo we-CO2.
U-Avelino Corma, usokhemisi kanye nesifundiswa seRoyal Academy of Engineering
Njengamanje kukhona ukuzibophezela kwezenhlalo nakwezombusazwe okuncike ekuthandeleni ukuvela kobuchwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu lapho kubhekene nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo. Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi kufanele abhekwe futhi athathwe njengosizo ngesikhathi sokufeza izinhloso eziluhlaza. ICorma ibuye iveze ukuthi izidingo zamandla omhlaba jikelele zizoqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube unyaka ka-2035 ngenxa yokwanda okungenakugwemeka kwenani labantu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile nokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa ngeke kube ngokulingana nokukhula kwabantu. Uma kunjalo, imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ibizogcwala futhi ingenza le planethi ikhule ngokwengeziwe indawo engathembeka kangako.
Amandla avuselelekayo abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni akhona futhi azoba khona umoya, i-solar ne-biomass, yize i-geothermal nayo izothuthukiswa. Ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso ezizinzile futhi kuqondiswe iplanethi ibheke kwezomnotho kusekelwe emandleni ahlanzekile, imithetho kufanele igxile ekusinikezeni ngokwengeziwe nangamaphesenti amakhulu wamandla ahlanzekile. Umthetho omusha othuthukiswa maduze uzothinta imikhakha yezomnotho njengezokuthutha. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi namuhla ezokuthutha kusephezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kuqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omubi kakhulu emoyeni nasezingeni lomoya. Izimoto zikagesi kumele zikhule futhi zisabalale, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umthwalo wazo kagesi uvela emandleni ahlanzeka, ngoba uma ufuna ukukhishwa okungaphansi kwe-CO2, umthombo oyinhloko wamandla kufanele uvuseleleke.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi kumele kuphele
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile nokwanele, kuzodingeka esikhathini esizayo ukuguqula inethiwekhi kagesi ukuze ikwazi inikeze amandla amakhulu nokuxhumana, ngisho naphakathi kwamazwekazi. Enye yezingqinamba namuhla ezivimbela ukusuka kude namafutha ezimbiwa esikhathini esifushane ukuthi ubunzima bokugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Kunemigqa yocwaningo ecwaninga ngendlela yokugcina umoya namandla elanga ngendlela efanele nokuxazulula inkinga yokugcina amandla. Phakathi kwalezi zifundo ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ezimoto avumela umthamo omkhulu, isisindo esincane nevolumu futhi angagcwaliswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokho wukuthi, yenza imoto yakho ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Omunye umugqa wocwaningo ukuthuthukisa Amaseli we-Photovoltaic ekhiqiza ugesi njengamanje, yize le nsimu isathuthuka kancane, ngoba amandla kagesi atholakele angaphansi kwawamanje atholakala ngawo wonke amanye amandla.